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Year 2 Specialty Medicine > R/O - Avascular necrosis, fractures, infection > Flashcards

R/O - Avascular necrosis, fractures, infection Flashcards

1
Q

where does ewings sarcoma occur in bone ?

A

diaphysis

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2
Q

where does chondrosarcoma occur in bone?

A
  • pelvis
  • vertebral bodies
  • metaphysis
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3
Q

where does osteosarcoma occur in bone?

A

physis

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4
Q

where do giant cell tumors occur in bone?

A

epiphysis

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5
Q

where in the body do osteomas usually occur?

A

cortical bones of skull and face

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6
Q

which is larger - osteoid osteoma or osteoblastoma?

A

osteoblastoma

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7
Q

which is relieved by aspirin - osteoid osteoma or osteoblastoma?

A

osteoid osteoma

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8
Q

which are painful - osteoid osteoma or osteoblastoma or both?

A

both

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9
Q

osteoblastomas occur in the _________

A

vertebral column

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10
Q

what is the histological appearance of osteoblastomas and osteoid osteomas?

A

interlacing trabeculae of woven bone surrounded by osteoblasts, loose CT tissue stroma (no marrow elements), may see giant cells

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11
Q

osteosarcomas are mesenchymal tumors that produce _________

A

osteoid

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12
Q

what is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone?

A

osteosarcoma

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13
Q

in order to diagnose osteosarcoma, you MUST observe ___________

A

osteoid

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14
Q

osteosarcomas usually arise in what region of the bone?

A

metaphysis of long bones of the extremities

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15
Q

what is the pathophysiology of osteosarcoma?

A

destroys cortex

  • extends inward into marrow cavity
  • extends outward to adjacent soft tissues
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16
Q

does osteosarcoma produce lytic, blastic, or both types of lesions?

A

both

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17
Q

codman triangle is seen in what bone tumor?

A

osteosarcoma

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18
Q

what is the XR appearance of osteochondroma?

A

polypoid growth (mushroom)

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19
Q

in which part of the bone do osteochondromas usually arise?

A

metaphysis, near epiphyseal plate

20
Q

chondromas are benign tumors of ________ cartilage

A

hyaline

21
Q

ENchondromas are chondromas that are confined to what cavity?

A

medullary cavity

22
Q

where in the body are enchondromas usually found? which part of the bone?

A
  • hands and feet (Ollier disease)

- metaphysis

23
Q

what is the XR appearance of chondromas?

A

well defined with stippled calcium

24
Q

where in the body do chondrosarcomas arise?

A
  • pelvic bones

- axial skeleton

25
Q

prognosis of chondrosarcomas depends on what pathologic tumor feature?

A

grade

26
Q

ewing sarcoma tumors are derived from what precursor cell?

A

multipotent mesenchymal stem cell

27
Q

where in the body do ewing sarcomas arise?

A

diaphysis

28
Q

ewing sarcomas are __________ (differentiated / undifferentiated), whereas primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) are ______________ (differentiated / undifferentiated)

A
  • ewing: undifferentiated

- PNET: neural differentiated

29
Q

which displays homer rosette histology - ewing sarcoma or PNET?

A

PNET

30
Q

what is the translocation seen in ewings sarcoma?

A

t(11, 22)(q24, q12)

31
Q

ewings sarcomas stain positive for what markers?

A
  • PAS

- CD99

32
Q

histology: sheets of uniform, undifferentiated small round “blue” cells

A

ewings sarcoma

33
Q

histology: cells form prominent home wright rosettes with central fibrillary cores

A

PNET

34
Q

fibrous cortical defects occur in what part of the bone?

A

metaphysis

35
Q

what types of cells are seen histologically in fibrous cortical defects?

A

multinucleated giant cells and fibroblasts

36
Q

histology: curvilinear spicules of immature woven bone (“Chinese characters”)

A

fibrous dysplasia

37
Q

fibrous dysplasia occurs in what part of the bone?

A

diaphysis

38
Q

giant cell tumors of bone are aka:

A

osteoclastoma

39
Q

giant cell tumors of bone (osteoclastomas) arise in what part of the bone and body?

A

epiphyses of long bones around knee, proximal humerus, distal radius

40
Q

what are the benign and malignant tumors for cell origin type: bone cell

A
  • benign: osteoma, osteoid osteoma

- malignant: osteosarcoma

41
Q

what are the benign and malignant tumors for cell origin type: cartilage

A
  • benign: chondroma

- malignant: chondrosarcoma

42
Q

what are the benign and malignant tumors for cell origin type: osteoblasts

A
  • benign: giant cell tumors (90%)

- malignant: giant cell tumors (10%)

43
Q

what are the benign and malignant tumors for cell origin type: fibroblasts?

A
  • benign: fibrous dysplasia / fibroma

- malignant: fibrosarcoma

44
Q

which is more common - metastatic tumors to bone or primary?

A

metastatic (20x)

45
Q

most metastatic bone lesions are _____________ (lytic / blastic)

A

osteolytic

Year 2 Specialty Medicine (36 decks)

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