R/O - Avascular necrosis, fractures, infection Flashcards
where does ewings sarcoma occur in bone ?
diaphysis
where does chondrosarcoma occur in bone?
- pelvis
- vertebral bodies
- metaphysis
where does osteosarcoma occur in bone?
physis
where do giant cell tumors occur in bone?
epiphysis
where in the body do osteomas usually occur?
cortical bones of skull and face
which is larger - osteoid osteoma or osteoblastoma?
osteoblastoma
which is relieved by aspirin - osteoid osteoma or osteoblastoma?
osteoid osteoma
which are painful - osteoid osteoma or osteoblastoma or both?
both
osteoblastomas occur in the _________
vertebral column
what is the histological appearance of osteoblastomas and osteoid osteomas?
interlacing trabeculae of woven bone surrounded by osteoblasts, loose CT tissue stroma (no marrow elements), may see giant cells
osteosarcomas are mesenchymal tumors that produce _________
osteoid
what is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone?
osteosarcoma
in order to diagnose osteosarcoma, you MUST observe ___________
osteoid
osteosarcomas usually arise in what region of the bone?
metaphysis of long bones of the extremities
what is the pathophysiology of osteosarcoma?
destroys cortex
- extends inward into marrow cavity
- extends outward to adjacent soft tissues
does osteosarcoma produce lytic, blastic, or both types of lesions?
both
codman triangle is seen in what bone tumor?
osteosarcoma
what is the XR appearance of osteochondroma?
polypoid growth (mushroom)
in which part of the bone do osteochondromas usually arise?
metaphysis, near epiphyseal plate
chondromas are benign tumors of ________ cartilage
hyaline
ENchondromas are chondromas that are confined to what cavity?
medullary cavity
where in the body are enchondromas usually found? which part of the bone?
- hands and feet (Ollier disease)
- metaphysis
what is the XR appearance of chondromas?
well defined with stippled calcium
where in the body do chondrosarcomas arise?
- pelvic bones
- axial skeleton
prognosis of chondrosarcomas depends on what pathologic tumor feature?
grade
ewing sarcoma tumors are derived from what precursor cell?
multipotent mesenchymal stem cell
where in the body do ewing sarcomas arise?
diaphysis
ewing sarcomas are __________ (differentiated / undifferentiated), whereas primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) are ______________ (differentiated / undifferentiated)
- ewing: undifferentiated
- PNET: neural differentiated
which displays homer rosette histology - ewing sarcoma or PNET?
PNET
what is the translocation seen in ewings sarcoma?
t(11, 22)(q24, q12)
ewings sarcomas stain positive for what markers?
- PAS
- CD99
histology: sheets of uniform, undifferentiated small round “blue” cells
ewings sarcoma
histology: cells form prominent home wright rosettes with central fibrillary cores
PNET
fibrous cortical defects occur in what part of the bone?
metaphysis
what types of cells are seen histologically in fibrous cortical defects?
multinucleated giant cells and fibroblasts
histology: curvilinear spicules of immature woven bone (“Chinese characters”)
fibrous dysplasia
fibrous dysplasia occurs in what part of the bone?
diaphysis
giant cell tumors of bone are aka:
osteoclastoma
giant cell tumors of bone (osteoclastomas) arise in what part of the bone and body?
epiphyses of long bones around knee, proximal humerus, distal radius
what are the benign and malignant tumors for cell origin type: bone cell
- benign: osteoma, osteoid osteoma
- malignant: osteosarcoma
what are the benign and malignant tumors for cell origin type: cartilage
- benign: chondroma
- malignant: chondrosarcoma
what are the benign and malignant tumors for cell origin type: osteoblasts
- benign: giant cell tumors (90%)
- malignant: giant cell tumors (10%)
what are the benign and malignant tumors for cell origin type: fibroblasts?
- benign: fibrous dysplasia / fibroma
- malignant: fibrosarcoma
which is more common - metastatic tumors to bone or primary?
metastatic (20x)
most metastatic bone lesions are _____________ (lytic / blastic)
osteolytic
