ENT - Vertigo Flashcards
what are the 2 types of vertigo?
- central: brain stem, cerebellum
- peripheral: labyrinth, vestibular
where are the end organ receptors in the vestibular apparatus?
cupula
the utricle contains _______________ (fluid)
endolymph
where are the otoliths located?
utricle
what is labyrinthitis / vestibular neuronitis?
acute unilateral loss of peripheral vestibular function
labyrinthitis / vestibular neuronitis is associated with ________ (3 things)
- vertigo
- N/V
- nystagmus
PERSISTENT (lasts for weeks)
when is labyrinthitis / vestibular neuronitis typically seen?
post URI
how can peripheral vertigos be suppressed?
visual fixation
- sudden vertigo often overnight (noted on awakening)
- fixed horizontal nystagmus with fast phase toward healthy ear
vestibular neuronitis
what is the classic triad of menieres disease?
- vertigo
- tinnitus (aggressively worsening)
- hearing loss (sensorineural)
what is the pathogenesis of menieres disease?
build up of endolymphatic pressure in labyrinth (hydrops)
what is the treatment for menieres disease?
vestibular suppressants
what is a perilymphatic fistula? when do they occur?
- traumatic fistula at round or oval window
- after forceful cough, sneeze, scuba diving, direct blow
what are the causes of central vertigo?
- infarcts
- CP angle tumors
- MS
- migraine
what are the symptoms of lateral medullary syndrome?
- vertigo, nystagmus (VERTICAL)
- gait limb ataxia
- dysphagia, decreased gag
- ipsilateral facial hemianesthesia
- ispilateral horners
- contralateral arm trunk leg pain
what is the cause of lateral medullary syndrome?
PICA infarct
perilymphatic fistula is almost always associated with what type of history?
trauma
what is the best drug class for vertigo?
benzos
