Quiz8 Flashcards
What is phylogeny?
the evolutionary history of a group of organisms
What does a phylogenetic tree show?
ancestor-descendant relationships
What are the 3 parts of the phylogenetic tree?
branch, node, and terminal node
What is the branch of a phylogenetic tree?
the population through time
What is the node of a phylogenetic tree?
when ancestral populations split into 2 or more descendants
What is the terminal node of a phylogenetic tree?
the tip or endpoint of a branch
What are the 3 characteristics that relationships among species are based off of?
- morphology
- behavior
- development
What are the 3 characteristics that relationships among species are based off of?
- morphology
- behavior
- development
What are the two methods of construction of a phylogenetic tree?
phenetic approach and cladistic approach
What is the phenetic approach?
focused on overall observable traits
What is the clastidic approach?
focused on overall similarity in acnestory
What is modern genetics?
uses gene sequences to estimate genetic diseases
What is “synapomorphies”?
a trait in a group of species in a clade that doesn’t exist in other clades
What does synapomorphies help construct?
monophyletic groups
What is a clade?
ancestor population + all of its desendants
What is homology?
when similar traits in two groups that suggests a common ancestor
What is homoplasy?
when similar traits evolve independently
What is the one cause of homoplasy?
convergent evolution
What is the one cause of homoplasy?
convergent evolution
What is the principle of parsimony?
most likely an explanation for a petrol is the one that implies the least amount of change
