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Evolution > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of evolution?

A

A change in the heritable characteristic(s) of a population over time

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2
Q

Why do we study evolution? (two things)

A

To understand who we are as human beings and to understand the natural world around us

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3
Q

What is described at controlled breeding?

A

Artificial selection

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4
Q

What are the 2 things that sparked Darwin’s imagination?

A

artificial selection and the natural world

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5
Q

Who looked at cork bark and called the compartments “cells”?

A

Robert Hooke

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6
Q

What is the modern definition of a cell?

A

Containing all the chemical components needed to sustain life and is bounded by a plasma membrane

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7
Q

Who described animal cells?

A

Antony van Leeuwenhoek

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8
Q

What are the 2 parts of cell theory?

A
  1. all organisms are composed of cells

2. all cells arise from existing cells

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9
Q

What idea did Darwin and Wallace introduce?

A

That species characteristics change over time

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10
Q

What are the 2 components of Darwin’s “Origin of the Species” book?

A
  1. Life is the product of continuous change

2. All species arose from a single common ancestor

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11
Q

What is the definition of a population?

A

a group of individuals of the same SPECIES living in the SAME AREA at the SAME TIME

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12
Q

What is the definition of a trait?

A

a distinguishing feature of an organism

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13
Q

What does natural selection act on?

A

individuals

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14
Q

What does evolution act on?

A

populations

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15
Q

What was the popular belief prior to Darwin?

A

The theory of Special Creation

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16
Q

What are the two main ideas of the theory of Special Creation?

A
  1. That all species were created by God

2. Species are immutable / incapable of change

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17
Q

What did Darwin suggest?

A

That the Earth was ancient, and that species are capable of change over time

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18
Q

What did Plato suggest?

A

That the world wasn’t changing but was imperfect

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19
Q

What did Aristotle create?

A

The Great Change of Being (ordered all the organisms)

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20
Q

What did Linnaeus create?

A

Genus + Species

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21
Q

What did Lamarck do that had the greatest impact?

A

Greatly influenced Darwin with his hypothesis

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22
Q

What was the largest point that Lamarck was trying to get across?

A

Individuals change as they respond to their environment and it is PASSED ON TO OFFSPRING

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23
Q

What did Malthus create and suggest?

A

The “Principles of Populations” and suggested that people regulate family size

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24
Q

What did Lyell propose?

A

Slow moving forces continue to change the elements of earth and it’s organisms

25
Q

Who was Darwin’s “Bulldog”?

A

Huxley

26
Q

What did Darwin originally go to school for? (two things)

A
  1. Med school

2. Theology

27
Q

Who was a friend and mentor to Darwin and convinced him to go on his voyage?

A

Henslow

28
Q

What was the name of the ship of the voyage?

A

HMS Beagle

29
Q

Who was the captain of HMS Beagle?

A

Captain Fitzroy

30
Q

How many years was the voyage and how many was it supposed to be?

A

Supposed to be two years, ended up being four years

31
Q

What was the groundbreaking accusation Darwin realized in Tierra del Fuego?

A

The differences between savages and civilized people

32
Q

What was the discovery Darwin saw in Chile?

A

Elevated beds of shells

33
Q

What was the discovery Darwin saw in the Andes?

A

An earthquake, intact fossilized trees high up

34
Q

What was the discovery Darwin noticed in the Galapagos?

A

differences between birds of different islands, reptiles, tortoises, and iguanas

35
Q

What did Lyell hypothesize?

A

landscapes evolve over long periods of time

36
Q

What did Herschel hypothesize?

A

“Mysteries of mysteries” = extinction and replacement

37
Q

Who did Darwin work with when he got back to Britain?

A

John Gould

38
Q

What did Darwin privately work on?

A

The origin of the species

39
Q

What did Gregor Mendel hypothesize?

A

The theory of inheritance

40
Q

What is the definition of a fossil?

A

Direct physical evidence of what organisms lived, where they lived, and what they look like

41
Q

What types of rocks are more likely to contain fossils?

A

sedimentary rocks and clays

42
Q

What types of rocks are unlikely to contain fossils?

A

igneous and metamorphic

43
Q

How do fossils form?

A

rapid decay, slow burial

44
Q

What are the four fossil types?

A

intact, compression, cast, and permineralized

45
Q

What is an intact fossil?

A

interior and exterior architecture preserved

46
Q

What is an compression fossil?

A

weight compresses organic material cemented into shale

47
Q

What is a cast fossil?

A

interior decomposition and exterior preserved

48
Q

What is a permineralized fossil?

A

extremely slow decomposition

49
Q

How many archaeopteryx fossil have been found in the entire world?

A

10

50
Q

What are the 4 bias’ fossil record?

A

habitat, taxonomic, temporal, and abundance

51
Q

What is habitat bias?

A

where the fossil lived

52
Q

What is taxonomic bias?

A

what the fossil was made from

53
Q

What is temporal bias?

A

when the organism lived

54
Q

What is abundance bias?

A

how many of the organism lived

55
Q

Why was the tiktalik important for evolutionary thought?

A

shows the midway gap between no limb organisms and organisms with limbs

56
Q

What is a homology?

A

a similarity between characteristics of organisms that is due to shared ancestry

57
Q

What is a species?

A

an identifiable group, distinct in appearance, behavior and habitat

58
Q

What is developmental homology?

A

similar embryonic structure due to common ancestor

59
Q

What is genetic hemology?

A

similar DNA to a common ancestor

Evolution (11 decks)

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