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Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of evolution?

A

A change in the heritable characteristic(s) of a population over time

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2
Q

Why do we study evolution? (two things)

A

To understand who we are as human beings and to understand the natural world around us

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3
Q

What is described at controlled breeding?

A

Artificial selection

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4
Q

What are the 2 things that sparked Darwin’s imagination?

A

artificial selection and the natural world

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5
Q

Who looked at cork bark and called the compartments “cells”?

A

Robert Hooke

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6
Q

What is the modern definition of a cell?

A

Containing all the chemical components needed to sustain life and is bounded by a plasma membrane

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7
Q

Who described animal cells?

A

Antony van Leeuwenhoek

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8
Q

What are the 2 parts of cell theory?

A
  1. all organisms are composed of cells

2. all cells arise from existing cells

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9
Q

What idea did Darwin and Wallace introduce?

A

That species characteristics change over time

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10
Q

What are the 2 components of Darwin’s “Origin of the Species” book?

A
  1. Life is the product of continuous change

2. All species arose from a single common ancestor

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11
Q

What is the definition of a population?

A

a group of individuals of the same SPECIES living in the SAME AREA at the SAME TIME

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12
Q

What is the definition of a trait?

A

a distinguishing feature of an organism

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13
Q

What does natural selection act on?

A

individuals

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14
Q

What does evolution act on?

A

populations

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15
Q

What was the popular belief prior to Darwin?

A

The theory of Special Creation

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16
Q

What are the two main ideas of the theory of Special Creation?

A
  1. That all species were created by God

2. Species are immutable / incapable of change

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17
Q

What did Darwin suggest?

A

That the Earth was ancient, and that species are capable of change over time

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18
Q

What did Plato suggest?

A

That the world wasn’t changing but was imperfect

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19
Q

What did Aristotle create?

A

The Great Change of Being (ordered all the organisms)

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20
Q

What did Linnaeus create?

A

Genus + Species

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21
Q

What did Lamarck do that had the greatest impact?

A

Greatly influenced Darwin with his hypothesis

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22
Q

What was the largest point that Lamarck was trying to get across?

A

Individuals change as they respond to their environment and it is PASSED ON TO OFFSPRING

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23
Q

What did Malthus create and suggest?

A

The “Principles of Populations” and suggested that people regulate family size

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24
Q

What did Lyell propose?

A

Slow moving forces continue to change the elements of earth and it’s organisms

25
Who was Darwin's "Bulldog"?
Huxley
26
What did Darwin originally go to school for? (two things)
1. Med school | 2. Theology
27
Who was a friend and mentor to Darwin and convinced him to go on his voyage?
Henslow
28
What was the name of the ship of the voyage?
HMS Beagle
29
Who was the captain of HMS Beagle?
Captain Fitzroy
30
How many years was the voyage and how many was it supposed to be?
Supposed to be two years, ended up being four years
31
What was the groundbreaking accusation Darwin realized in Tierra del Fuego?
The differences between savages and civilized people
32
What was the discovery Darwin saw in Chile?
Elevated beds of shells
33
What was the discovery Darwin saw in the Andes?
An earthquake, intact fossilized trees high up
34
What was the discovery Darwin noticed in the Galapagos?
differences between birds of different islands, reptiles, tortoises, and iguanas
35
What did Lyell hypothesize?
landscapes evolve over long periods of time
36
What did Herschel hypothesize?
"Mysteries of mysteries" = extinction and replacement
37
Who did Darwin work with when he got back to Britain?
John Gould
38
What did Darwin privately work on?
The origin of the species
39
What did Gregor Mendel hypothesize?
The theory of inheritance
40
What is the definition of a fossil?
Direct physical evidence of what organisms lived, where they lived, and what they look like
41
What types of rocks are more likely to contain fossils?
sedimentary rocks and clays
42
What types of rocks are unlikely to contain fossils?
igneous and metamorphic
43
How do fossils form?
rapid decay, slow burial
44
What are the four fossil types?
intact, compression, cast, and permineralized
45
What is an intact fossil?
interior and exterior architecture preserved
46
What is an compression fossil?
weight compresses organic material cemented into shale
47
What is a cast fossil?
interior decomposition and exterior preserved
48
What is a permineralized fossil?
extremely slow decomposition
49
How many archaeopteryx fossil have been found in the entire world?
10
50
What are the 4 bias' fossil record?
habitat, taxonomic, temporal, and abundance
51
What is habitat bias?
where the fossil lived
52
What is taxonomic bias?
what the fossil was made from
53
What is temporal bias?
when the organism lived
54
What is abundance bias?
how many of the organism lived
55
Why was the tiktalik important for evolutionary thought?
shows the midway gap between no limb organisms and organisms with limbs
56
What is a homology?
a similarity between characteristics of organisms that is due to shared ancestry
57
What is a species?
an identifiable group, distinct in appearance, behavior and habitat
58
What is developmental homology?
similar embryonic structure due to common ancestor
59
What is genetic hemology?
similar DNA to a common ancestor

Evolution (11 decks)

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