Quiz 4 Flashcards
What are the points within the cell cycle where there are checkpoints?
G1, G2, and S
What is the definition of mitosis?
a form of nuclear division that forms two daughter nuclei genetically identical to the parent nucleus
Where does mitosis occur?
eukaryotic and somatic cells
What are the 5 phases of mitosis?
prophase prometaphase metaphase anaphase telophase
What happens during synthesis of the cell cycle?
chromosomes are copied
What happens in prophase?
chromosomes condense
What happens in prometaphase?
nuclear envelope breaks down
What happens in metaphase?
chromosomes line up int he middle of the cell
What happens in anaphase?
sister chromatids separate
What happens in telophase?
nuclear envelope reforms
What is the definition of meiosis?
a form of nuclear division that results in 4 daughter nuclei that contains half of the genetic material from the parent nucleus
What does asexual reproduction not provide?
genetic variation. cells are identical to parent
What does sexual reproduction provide?
genetic variation
What are autosomes?
contain genetic material to produce somatic cells
What are sex chromosomes?
contain genetic material to produce gametes
How many chromosomes does an individual have?
46 (23 from each parent)
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
in meiosis, homologus pairs are separated and then sister chromatids are separated
What is a diploid?
two copies of each type of autosome
What is n?
the haploid number, # of types of chromosomes
What is the big picture difference between mitosis and meiosis?
meiosis is reduced by half, mitosis is simply replicated
What happens in meiosis 1?
homologus chromosomes are replicated and seperated
What happens in meiosis 2?
sister chromatids within each chromosome seperate
What happens that is important in late prophase 1?
crossing over
