Quiz 3

Question 1

What is the central dogma of biology?

Answer 1

DNA makes RNA that makes protein that creates traits

Question 2

What is the primary structure?

Answer 2

a chain of nucleotides in a sequence

Question 3

What is secondary structure?

Answer 3

double helix

Question 4

What is tertiary structure?

Answer 4

multiple double helices folded together

ex: chromosome

Question 5

What is a gene?

Answer 5

A length of DNA that

1. encodes info for building a protein
2. contains sequences for transcription

Question 6

What did the human genome project determine?

Answer 6

that human DNA is about 2 billion base-pairs long

Question 7

What is a prokaryote?

Answer 7

a cell with one chromosome

Question 8

What is a eukaryote?

Answer 8

a cell with multiple chromosomes

Question 9

What is mtDNA?

Answer 9

mitochondrial DNA

Question 10

What are the 3 main things about chromosomes?

Answer 10

Present in the nucleus of a prokaryote
Normally dispersed within nucleus
Condense during cell division

Question 11

What forms the template for synthesis?

Answer 11

DNA

Question 12

What is transcription?

Answer 12

the process of making RNA from a DNA template

Question 13

What are the 4 bases?

Answer 13

adenine, uracil, guanine, cytosine

Question 14

What is the secondary structure of RNA?

Answer 14

stem and loop

Question 15

What are the three types of RNA?

Answer 15

messenger RNA
ribosomal RNA
transfer RNA

Question 16

What are the 3 codons used in translation?

Answer 16

Start codon
Stop codons
Remaining codons

Question 17

What is a ribosome?

Answer 17

globular protein + rRNA

Question 18

What is the primary structure of a protein?

Answer 18

amino acid strand

Question 19

What is the secondary structure of a protein?

Answer 19

alpha helices and beta sheets

Question 20

What is the tertiary structure of a protein?

Answer 20

3D folding

Question 21

What happens if there is a mistake during DNA synthesis?

Answer 21

the sequence changes, so the gene changes, so the protein changes

Question 22

What is a mutation?

Answer 22

a permanent change in DNA which changes the genotype

Question 23

What are the 4 types of mutations?

Answer 23

silent, missense, nonsense, frameshift

Question 24

What is a point mutation?

Answer 24

a change in a single base in DNA

Question 25

What is a silent mutation?

Answer 25

a change in a nucleotide does not change the amino acid

Question 26

What is a missense mutation?

Answer 26

a change in the nucleotide that changes the amino acid

Question 27

What is a nonsense mutation?

Answer 27

change in nucleotide that results in early stop codon

Question 28

What is a frame shift mutation?

Answer 28

addition or deletion of a nucleotide

Question 29

What is a chromosome inversion?

Answer 29

a segment of the chromosome flips and re-attaches to the same chromosome

Question 30

What is chromosome translocation?

Answer 30

a segment of the chromosome detaches and re-attaches to a different chromosome

Question 31

What happens with somatic cell mutations?

Answer 31

it stays in the individual and the individual only

Question 32

What happens with gametes cell mutations?

Answer 32

the mutation is in the reproductive cells and is passed on to the offspring