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Evolution > Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Quiz 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the central dogma of biology?

A

DNA makes RNA that makes protein that creates traits

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2
Q

What is the primary structure?

A

a chain of nucleotides in a sequence

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3
Q

What is secondary structure?

A

double helix

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4
Q

What is tertiary structure?

A

multiple double helices folded together

ex: chromosome

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5
Q

What is a gene?

A

A length of DNA that

  1. encodes info for building a protein
  2. contains sequences for transcription
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6
Q

What did the human genome project determine?

A

that human DNA is about 2 billion base-pairs long

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7
Q

What is a prokaryote?

A

a cell with one chromosome

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8
Q

What is a eukaryote?

A

a cell with multiple chromosomes

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9
Q

What is mtDNA?

A

mitochondrial DNA

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10
Q

What are the 3 main things about chromosomes?

A

Present in the nucleus of a prokaryote
Normally dispersed within nucleus
Condense during cell division

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11
Q

What forms the template for synthesis?

A

DNA

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12
Q

What is transcription?

A

the process of making RNA from a DNA template

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13
Q

What are the 4 bases?

A

adenine, uracil, guanine, cytosine

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14
Q

What is the secondary structure of RNA?

A

stem and loop

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15
Q

What are the three types of RNA?

A

messenger RNA
ribosomal RNA
transfer RNA

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16
Q

What are the 3 codons used in translation?

A

Start codon
Stop codons
Remaining codons

17
Q

What is a ribosome?

A

globular protein + rRNA

18
Q

What is the primary structure of a protein?

A

amino acid strand

19
Q

What is the secondary structure of a protein?

A

alpha helices and beta sheets

20
Q

What is the tertiary structure of a protein?

A

3D folding

21
Q

What happens if there is a mistake during DNA synthesis?

A

the sequence changes, so the gene changes, so the protein changes

22
Q

What is a mutation?

A

a permanent change in DNA which changes the genotype

23
Q

What are the 4 types of mutations?

A

silent, missense, nonsense, frameshift

24
Q

What is a point mutation?

A

a change in a single base in DNA

25
Q

What is a silent mutation?

A

a change in a nucleotide does not change the amino acid

26
Q

What is a missense mutation?

A

a change in the nucleotide that changes the amino acid

27
Q

What is a nonsense mutation?

A

change in nucleotide that results in early stop codon

28
Q

What is a frame shift mutation?

A

addition or deletion of a nucleotide

29
Q

What is a chromosome inversion?

A

a segment of the chromosome flips and re-attaches to the same chromosome

30
Q

What is chromosome translocation?

A

a segment of the chromosome detaches and re-attaches to a different chromosome

31
Q

What happens with somatic cell mutations?

A

it stays in the individual and the individual only

32
Q

What happens with gametes cell mutations?

A

the mutation is in the reproductive cells and is passed on to the offspring

Evolution (11 decks)

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