Exam 2

Question 1

What is the definition of meiosis?

Answer 1

Division of a nucleus to produce four daughter cells with half the genetic DNA of their parents

Question 2

What are 3 differences between mitosis and meiosis?

Answer 2

There is an extra step in meiosis – reduced by 1/2.

Mitosis produces a clone. Mitosis is asexual and meiosis is sexual.

Question 3

What general category of cells does meiosis occur?

Answer 3

sexual reproduction/gametes

Question 4

True or false: Bacteria only undergoes meiosis when gametes are being produced

Answer 4

Fasle: bacteria only undergoes mitosis

Question 5

What is the chromosomal structure that lines up during metaphase 1?

Answer 5

homologus pairs

Question 6

What is the chromosomal structure that lines up during metaphase 2?

Answer 6

Sister chromatids

Question 7

What does diploid mean?

Answer 7

2(n)

Question 8

True or false? Crossing over occurs during late prophase 2 of meiosis

Answer 8

Fasle: it occurs in late prophase 1

Question 9

In order for crossing over to occur between homologous chromosomes, the homologous pairs must line up and make a protein bridge connection called…

Answer 9

synapsis

Question 10

The exact locations on the chromosomes where crossing over occurs is called…

Answer 10

chiasma

Question 11

During what stage of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Answer 11

During the S phase

Question 12

What happens in early prophase 1?

Answer 12

chromosome condense, spindle apparatus appears

Question 13

What happens in late prophase 1?

Answer 13

synapses form, crossing over occurs

Question 14

What happens in metaphase 1?

Answer 14

homologous pairs line up in the center of the cell

Question 15

What happens in anaphase 1?

Answer 15

homologous pairs of chromosomes are pulled apart

Question 16

What happens in telophase 1?

Answer 16

new nuclear membranes form, spindle breaks apart

Question 17

What happens in prophase 2?

Answer 17

chromosomes condense, spindle apparatus appears

Question 18

What happens in metaphase 2?

Answer 18

sister chromatids line up in the center of the cell

Question 19

What happens in anaphase 2?

Answer 19

sister chromatids are pulled apart

Question 20

What happens in telophase 2?

Answer 20

new nuclear membranes form, spindle breaks apart

Question 21

What part of the paradox of sex explains sexual reproduction produces 50% male, and male offspring do not produce more offspring?

Answer 21

Two fold cost of males

Question 22

What part of the paradox of sex explains sexual reproduction allows for organisms to adapt to the changes in the environment?

Answer 22

the changing environment hypothesis

Question 23

What part of the paradox of sex explains sexual reproduction allows for purification of bad genes?

Answer 23

purifying selection hypothesis

Question 24

What is Mendel’s principle of segregation?

Answer 24

States that each gamete contains 1 allele for each trait

Question 25

What specific kind of inheritance pattern will show up in a reciprocal cross?

Answer 25

An X-linked inheritance

Question 26

What is a simple trait?

Answer 26

a trait that has two versions

Question 27

What is an allele?

Answer 27

a version of a gene

Question 28

What is a gamete?

Answer 28

sex cell (egg or sperm)

Question 29

What is a trait?

Answer 29

a characteristic of an organism

Question 30

What is the genotype of a homozygous recessive parent? (using G)

Answer 30

gg

Question 31

What is the genotype of a heterozygous parent? (using G)

Answer 31

Gg

Question 32

What alleles can each parent place into their gametes? (using homozygous and heterozygous parent using G)

Answer 32

parent 1-- g | parent 2-- G or g

Question 33

What is an example of a homozygous recessive trait? (using A)

Answer 33

aa

Question 34

What is an example of a hybrid? (using A)

Answer 34

Aa

Question 35

Example of a heterozygous? (using R)

Answer 35

Rr

Question 36

What is an example of an X-linked trait? Using (XgY)

Answer 36

X^G Y

Question 37

What is multiple allelism?

Answer 37

when there are more than two versions of a trait

Question 38

What is incomplete dominance?

Answer 38

when a dark purple flower and a white flower forms a light purple flower

Question 39

What is sex linkage?

Answer 39

When disease is caused by a recessive allele almost only seen in males

Question 40

What is gene linkage?

Answer 40

two teens are located 35cM from each other on the same chromosome

Question 41

What is pleiotrophy?

Answer 41

When one gene affects many different traits, such as Marfan Syndrome

Question 42

What is environmental influence?

Answer 42

when the expression of a gene influenced by an individuals environment

Question 43

What is Co-dominance?

Answer 43

when more than one allele is expressed at the same time

Question 44

What are quantitative traits?

Answer 44

when many genes interact to produce a single trait

Question 45

What does it mean to say that two genes are "linked"?

Answer 45

When genes are located on the same chromosome

Question 46

Under what conditions is it possible for two genes to essentially always be inherited together?

Answer 46

When the linkage distance has to be less than one cM