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ANS 327 Reproduction > quiz two > Flashcards

quiz two Flashcards

male reproductive system

1
Q

what is the primary sex organ for males

A

testis

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2
Q

what are the 3 layers of testis? describe them

A

parietal tunica vaginalis- outermost covering; surrounds testis and attaches to cremaster muscle
visceral tunica vaginalis- thinnest, middlemost layer; contains blood vessels, covers testis and epididymis and connects the two
tunica albuginea- deepest layer; projects into parenchyma and supports seminiferous tubules

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3
Q

define parenchyma

A

the functional tissue of the scrotum

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4
Q

define mediastinum

A

connective tissue core of the testis that houses the rete tubules

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5
Q

what are the layers of the testis?(exterior to interior

A

scrotal skin
tunica dartos
scrotal fascia
parietal vaginal tunica
vaginal cavity
visceral vaginal tunica
tunica albuginea
lobules
mediastinum

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6
Q

define seminiferous tubules

A

the sperm-producing structure in the testis

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7
Q

where do lumina cells attach

A

the basal lamina

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8
Q

what are the stages of sperm cells

A

spermatogonium
primary spermatocyte
secondary spermatocyte
round spermatid
spermatid
spermatozoan

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9
Q

what surrounds tubules

A

interstitial space

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10
Q

what are found in interstitial space? what do they do

A

leydig cells, which produce testosterone

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11
Q

where is interstitial space found

A

the paranchyma

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12
Q

describe the layers of the seminiferous tubules

A

basement membrane/basal lamina
Sertoli cells
spermatogonia
primary spermatocyte
secondary spermatocyte
spermatid
lumen

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13
Q

what are Sertoli cells?

A

nurse cells that can care for up to 100 sperm and support spermatogenesis

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14
Q

describe tight junctions

A

impermeable junctions that prevent molecules from passing through the intercellular space
protects developing sperm

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15
Q

do Sertoli cells use tight or gap junctions

A

tight

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16
Q

describe gap junctions

A

communicating junctions allow ions and molecules to pass for intercellular communication
channels between adjacent cells for nutrients and signals

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17
Q

what makes up interstitial space

A

blood vessels
lymphatics
leydig cells

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18
Q

what are the most important cells

A

leydig, sertoli, and sperm (germ)

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19
Q

what are the testis orientation of:
bull
ram
boar
stallion
dog
rabbit

A

vertical
vertical
oblique
horizontal
oblique
vertical

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20
Q

what are secondary sex organs

A

a series of tubes to convey the sperm cells to the outside

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21
Q

what is the tubular organ arrangement

A

serosa
muscularis
submucosa
mucosa

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22
Q

describe the serosa

A

a membrane consisting of a single layer of simple squamous epithelial cells and a small amount of connective tissue

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23
Q

describe muscularis

A

layers of smooth muscle
- longitudinal: outermost
-circular: innermost
aids in peristaltic contractions

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24
Q

describe submucosa

A

layer of connective tissue located between the mucosa and muscularis, which contains blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves, glands

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25
Q

describe the mucosa

A

lines body cavities both internally and externally to keep the underlying lamina moist.
may have cilia and/or secretory cells

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26
Q

describe spermatozoa leaving the testis

A

it depostits into the rete tubules, then into the vas efferentias, and through the epididymis to the vas deferens

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27
Q

what is movement from the epididymis tail triggered by

A

oxytocin and sexual excitement

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28
Q

how many tubules are in the vas efferentia

A

6-12

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29
Q

describe the epididymis

A

highly convoluted duct
smooth muscle
rhythmic contractions force the sperm to the tail

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30
Q

what are the 5 functions of the epididymis

A
  1. sperm transport- peristaltic-like contractions
  2. concentration- fluid absorption in the capat, sperm concentration increases
  3. secretion- various segments of the epidermis contributes materials to the fluid
  4. storage- cauda functions as the major storage regions; sperm can remain viable for 60 days
  5. maturation- sperm are not motile/fertile until the transit through the epididymis
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31
Q

what are the 3 parts of the epididymis

A

head
body
tail

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32
Q

there are ______ epithelial layers in the epididymis compared to the seminiferous tubule

A

fewer

33
Q

define lumen

A

opening within a tube

34
Q

what is the orientation of bulls and rams

A

vertical

35
Q

what is the orientation of equine

A

horizontal

36
Q

what is the orientation of boars

A

oblique

37
Q

where do the vas deferent deposit

A

into the urethra

38
Q

describe the pelvic genitalia

A

contains muscles for erection and ejaculation

39
Q

what do accessory glands do

A

produce fluid for ejaculation

40
Q

_______+______= sperm

A

fluid, spermatozoa

41
Q

what are two types of ejaculation?

A

uniform, or fractions

42
Q

define ampulla

A

enlarged area where vas deferens meet the urethra

43
Q

describe seminal vesicles

A

secretes into the colliculus seminales in the urethra
produces large amounts of fluid
has alkaline pH to neutralize acidity of the female tract
provides fructose to sperm

44
Q

describe the prostate

A

body protrudes and disseminate surrounds the urethra

45
Q

true or false: all mammals have some form of a prostate

A

true

46
Q

describe the cowpers gland

A

secrete muco-proteins that protect against urine in the urethra

47
Q

what sex gland to dogs have

A

prostate

48
Q

where is the bulb of penis

A

in the ischium of the pelvis

49
Q

describe the crus penis

A

opening for arteries to help control blood flow

50
Q

describe the ischiocavernosus muscle

A

connects to the ischium and contariscrus penis which allows blood vessels to enter the erectile tissue
controls blood flow to penis

51
Q

describe the bulbospongiousis muscle

A

contracts to force ejaculation out of penis

52
Q

where is the glands penis

A

distal end of the penis

53
Q

what are the two types of gland penises

A

fibroelastic and muscular vascular

54
Q

describe the corpus spongiosum

A

prevents urethra from pinching closed to allow sperm to travel

55
Q

describe the corpus cavenosa

A

produces erection when filled with blood

56
Q

describe the sigmoid flexure

A

present in FE penis which keeps penis tucked into prepuce
s-shaped

57
Q

what happens when the MV penis is engourged with blood

A

it grows in length and width

58
Q

what are the 8 portions of the uterus anterior to posterior

A

ovary
oviduct
uterine horns
uterine body
cervix
anterior vagina
vestibule
vulva

59
Q

how do liter bearers differ from single-fetus bearers

A

they have longer uterine horns

60
Q

describe the broad ligament

A

supports to reproduction walls
thick, double layer of connective tissue
contains vascular, lymphatic, and nervous supply
divided into the mesometrium, mesosapinx, and mesovarium

61
Q

testis:__________ as spermatozoa:___________

A

ovaries; oocyte

62
Q

what does the endocrine function do

A

produces estrogen, progesterone, relaxin, activin, inhibin, oxytocin

63
Q

what does the exocrine function do?

A

helps with female gametes and oocytes

64
Q

describe the steps of follicles changing to corpus luteum

A

follicles house oocytes and produce estrogen
in ovulation, the follicle fills with blood
it will mature and become a corpus luteum
produces progesterone

65
Q

what is the outer portion of the ovarian structure? the interior?

A

cortex; medulla

66
Q

where do vessels, nerves, and lymphatics leave and enter?

A

the hilus

67
Q

describe primordial follicles

A

simple squamous epithelial layers that surround the oocyte

68
Q

when do females have the most follicles?

A

as a fetus

69
Q

why do follicle numbers decline with age

A

follicular atresia

70
Q

what are oocytes lined with

A

primordial follicles and connective tissues

71
Q

describe secondary follicles

A

full-sized oocyte

72
Q

describe follicle cells

A

2 or more layers where cells actively divide for proliferation

73
Q

describe the zona pellucida

A

a cellular glycoprotein layer secreted from the oocyte

74
Q

leydig cells:__________

A

theca externa cells

75
Q

what do theca interna cells do

A

recept to LH and produce androgens

76
Q

describe grandulosa cells

A

receptors for FSH and produces estrogen, activin, and inhibin
produces fluid to form atrium

77
Q

what surrounds the oocyte

A

cumulus oophorus

78
Q

describe the Graafian follicle

A

largest follicle, blister-like
sits in the hillock

79
Q
A

ANS 327 Reproduction (13 decks)

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