quiz two Flashcards
male reproductive system
what is the primary sex organ for males
testis
what are the 3 layers of testis? describe them
parietal tunica vaginalis- outermost covering; surrounds testis and attaches to cremaster muscle
visceral tunica vaginalis- thinnest, middlemost layer; contains blood vessels, covers testis and epididymis and connects the two
tunica albuginea- deepest layer; projects into parenchyma and supports seminiferous tubules
define parenchyma
the functional tissue of the scrotum
define mediastinum
connective tissue core of the testis that houses the rete tubules
what are the layers of the testis?(exterior to interior
scrotal skin
tunica dartos
scrotal fascia
parietal vaginal tunica
vaginal cavity
visceral vaginal tunica
tunica albuginea
lobules
mediastinum
define seminiferous tubules
the sperm-producing structure in the testis
where do lumina cells attach
the basal lamina
what are the stages of sperm cells
spermatogonium
primary spermatocyte
secondary spermatocyte
round spermatid
spermatid
spermatozoan
what surrounds tubules
interstitial space
what are found in interstitial space? what do they do
leydig cells, which produce testosterone
where is interstitial space found
the paranchyma
describe the layers of the seminiferous tubules
basement membrane/basal lamina
Sertoli cells
spermatogonia
primary spermatocyte
secondary spermatocyte
spermatid
lumen
what are Sertoli cells?
nurse cells that can care for up to 100 sperm and support spermatogenesis
describe tight junctions
impermeable junctions that prevent molecules from passing through the intercellular space
protects developing sperm
do Sertoli cells use tight or gap junctions
tight
describe gap junctions
communicating junctions allow ions and molecules to pass for intercellular communication
channels between adjacent cells for nutrients and signals
what makes up interstitial space
blood vessels
lymphatics
leydig cells
what are the most important cells
leydig, sertoli, and sperm (germ)
what are the testis orientation of:
bull
ram
boar
stallion
dog
rabbit
vertical
vertical
oblique
horizontal
oblique
vertical
what are secondary sex organs
a series of tubes to convey the sperm cells to the outside
what is the tubular organ arrangement
serosa
muscularis
submucosa
mucosa
describe the serosa
a membrane consisting of a single layer of simple squamous epithelial cells and a small amount of connective tissue
describe muscularis
layers of smooth muscle
- longitudinal: outermost
-circular: innermost
aids in peristaltic contractions
describe submucosa
layer of connective tissue located between the mucosa and muscularis, which contains blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves, glands
describe the mucosa
lines body cavities both internally and externally to keep the underlying lamina moist.
may have cilia and/or secretory cells
describe spermatozoa leaving the testis
it depostits into the rete tubules, then into the vas efferentias, and through the epididymis to the vas deferens
what is movement from the epididymis tail triggered by
oxytocin and sexual excitement
how many tubules are in the vas efferentia
6-12
describe the epididymis
highly convoluted duct
smooth muscle
rhythmic contractions force the sperm to the tail
what are the 5 functions of the epididymis
- sperm transport- peristaltic-like contractions
- concentration- fluid absorption in the capat, sperm concentration increases
- secretion- various segments of the epidermis contributes materials to the fluid
- storage- cauda functions as the major storage regions; sperm can remain viable for 60 days
- maturation- sperm are not motile/fertile until the transit through the epididymis
what are the 3 parts of the epididymis
head
body
tail
there are ______ epithelial layers in the epididymis compared to the seminiferous tubule
fewer
define lumen
opening within a tube
what is the orientation of bulls and rams
vertical
what is the orientation of equine
horizontal
what is the orientation of boars
oblique
where do the vas deferent deposit
into the urethra
describe the pelvic genitalia
contains muscles for erection and ejaculation
what do accessory glands do
produce fluid for ejaculation
_______+______= sperm
fluid, spermatozoa
what are two types of ejaculation?
uniform, or fractions
define ampulla
enlarged area where vas deferens meet the urethra
describe seminal vesicles
secretes into the colliculus seminales in the urethra
produces large amounts of fluid
has alkaline pH to neutralize acidity of the female tract
provides fructose to sperm
describe the prostate
body protrudes and disseminate surrounds the urethra
true or false: all mammals have some form of a prostate
true
describe the cowpers gland
secrete muco-proteins that protect against urine in the urethra
what sex gland to dogs have
prostate
where is the bulb of penis
in the ischium of the pelvis
describe the crus penis
opening for arteries to help control blood flow
describe the ischiocavernosus muscle
connects to the ischium and contariscrus penis which allows blood vessels to enter the erectile tissue
controls blood flow to penis
describe the bulbospongiousis muscle
contracts to force ejaculation out of penis
where is the glands penis
distal end of the penis
what are the two types of gland penises
fibroelastic and muscular vascular
describe the corpus spongiosum
prevents urethra from pinching closed to allow sperm to travel
describe the corpus cavenosa
produces erection when filled with blood
describe the sigmoid flexure
present in FE penis which keeps penis tucked into prepuce
s-shaped
what happens when the MV penis is engourged with blood
it grows in length and width
what are the 8 portions of the uterus anterior to posterior
ovary
oviduct
uterine horns
uterine body
cervix
anterior vagina
vestibule
vulva
how do liter bearers differ from single-fetus bearers
they have longer uterine horns
describe the broad ligament
supports to reproduction walls
thick, double layer of connective tissue
contains vascular, lymphatic, and nervous supply
divided into the mesometrium, mesosapinx, and mesovarium
testis:__________ as spermatozoa:___________
ovaries; oocyte
what does the endocrine function do
produces estrogen, progesterone, relaxin, activin, inhibin, oxytocin
what does the exocrine function do?
helps with female gametes and oocytes
describe the steps of follicles changing to corpus luteum
follicles house oocytes and produce estrogen
in ovulation, the follicle fills with blood
it will mature and become a corpus luteum
produces progesterone
what is the outer portion of the ovarian structure? the interior?
cortex; medulla
where do vessels, nerves, and lymphatics leave and enter?
the hilus
describe primordial follicles
simple squamous epithelial layers that surround the oocyte
when do females have the most follicles?
as a fetus
why do follicle numbers decline with age
follicular atresia
what are oocytes lined with
primordial follicles and connective tissues
describe secondary follicles
full-sized oocyte
describe follicle cells
2 or more layers where cells actively divide for proliferation
describe the zona pellucida
a cellular glycoprotein layer secreted from the oocyte
leydig cells:__________
theca externa cells
what do theca interna cells do
recept to LH and produce androgens
describe grandulosa cells
receptors for FSH and produces estrogen, activin, and inhibin
produces fluid to form atrium
what surrounds the oocyte
cumulus oophorus
describe the Graafian follicle
largest follicle, blister-like
sits in the hillock
