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ANS 327 Reproduction > quiz 8 > Flashcards

quiz 8 Flashcards

1
Q

describe the luteal phase

A

it takes several days for a CL to form and P4 to rise

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2
Q

what occurs when P4 levels fall

A

inhibin is removed from the surge center

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3
Q

when does the corpus hemorrhagicum present itself

A

1-3 days after ovulation

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4
Q

what are granulosa and theca cells turned into

A

large and small luteal cells

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5
Q

describe large luteal cells

A

undergo hypertrophy, which increases muscle mass 3 fold

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6
Q

describe small luteal cells

A

undergo hyperplasia, which increases cell production 5-fold

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7
Q

what does the vascularization of the CL cause

A

steroid synthesis and delivery of hormones

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8
Q

what does insufficient CL functions cause

A

failure to remain pregnant

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9
Q

where do waves come from

A

the tonic center

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10
Q

what supports the embryo before the placenta forms

A

endometrial glands

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11
Q

what is the primary hormone

A

PGF2a

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12
Q

describe luteolysis in:
normal uterus
total hysterectomy
contralateral hysterectomy
ipsilateral hysterectomy

A

normal CL lifespan
longer CL lifespan
normal CL lifespan
longer CL lifespan (35+ days)

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13
Q

mares do/do not have a countercurrent exchange

A

do not

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14
Q

when is PGF not effective in most animals? in swine?

A

in the first five days
in the first 10 days

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15
Q

what do luteal cells use to react

A

Ca second messenger

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16
Q

when does P4 increase

A

when oxytocin is low

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17
Q

define auto-amplification loop

A

PGF2a induces PGF2a production in the CL
self-sustaining loop

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18
Q

define feedback loop

A

PGF2a induces oxytocin in the CL, which releases more PGF2a
positive feedback loop

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19
Q

what does luteolysis cause

A

decreased blood flow
cellular response
immune response

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20
Q

what is the CL lifespan in a human

A

12-14 days

21
Q

what are the 5 causes of manipulating estrus

A

grouping females for parturation
reducing/eliminating estrus detection
needed for artificial insemination
embryo transfer
schedule for male availability (in horses)

22
Q

what hormones help with time

A

PGF2a, GnRH, progestins

23
Q

what hormones help with superovulation

A

FSH, eCG

24
Q

when is PGF2a active for most animals? for swine?

A

on days 5-17
12-15

25
Q

what are used to increase PGF2a

A

lutalyse and estrumate

26
Q

what does GnRH do

A

induces ovulation if no CL is present
terminates the follicular wave if CL is present

27
Q

what removes the negative feedback for GnRH

A

inhibin and estradiol

28
Q

what increases GnRH

A

cysterelin, factrel, and fertagyl for cattle
sucromate for horses

29
Q

define progestins

A

stimulates a CL to provide progesterone
prevents ovulation

30
Q

does progestin affect CL

A

no

31
Q

when does progestin occur

A

2-5 days after ovulation, unless horses, which are 7-9 days after

32
Q

what increases progestins

A

injection, feed, implant, controlled internal drug release
regumate is used in equine and swine

33
Q

describe CIDR

A

used mostly in ruminants
causes vaginitis in horses

34
Q

what do eCG and FSH cause

A

superovulation

35
Q

define ovsynch

A

developed for cattle

36
Q

describe ovsynch

A

GnRH is given to restart the follicular wave
PGF2a is given a week later for luteolysis
2 days later, GnRH is given again and the dominant follicle ovulates
LH will surge afterwards and ovulation occurs

37
Q

what progestin is used in sheep? when does it work best? when does it work poorly?

A

CIDR
in season it works alone
out of season must add eCG

38
Q

how does prostaglandin work in sheep

A

only when sheep are in season

39
Q

what type of light do sheep need

A

decreased day length

40
Q

what other supplements can sheep be given

A

melatonin (oral or IM)

41
Q

how does prostaglandin react in swine

A

not practical; only effective on days 12-17

42
Q

how does the progestin altrenogest react in swine

A

causes ovarian cysts
given orally for 18 days, which costs $5-10/day

43
Q

how do weaned piglets react in swine

A

swine have strong anestrus, but only works for sows

44
Q

how does puberty induction react in pigs

A

an FSH and LH-like combination

45
Q

describe prostaglandin in horses

A

CL is more sensitive and it is only effective in season

46
Q

describe sucromate in horses

A

OV induction in 48 hours

47
Q

describe hGC in horses

A

OV induction in 36-42 hours

48
Q

describe the progesin altrenogest in horses

A

it is effective in season and reduces estrous behavior

49
Q

what kind of lighting do horses need

A

16 hours of light/day for 60-90 days

ANS 327 Reproduction (13 decks)

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