quiz 3 Flashcards
define pre-ovulatory follicle
a follicle with granulosa cells lining the antrium
what do the basement cells seperate
granulosal and theca cells
what does collagenase do
deteriorates the theca cells pre-ovulation
define the corpus hemorrhagicum
a short-lived, newly ovulated follicle that does not produce testosterone yet
will cause bleeding similar to a blood clot to release oocyte
define the corpus luteum
rejoins the cells with LH and produces progesterone to maintain pregnancy
if no pregnancy it will become a corpus albicons
what is the corpus luteum made up of
large luteal cells and small luteal cells
what is the difference between a mare’s ovary and a “normal” ovary
mares have an inverted cortex and medulla
there is an indention where ovulation occurs (ovulation fossa)
what are the secondary sex organs that make up the tubules
serosa
muscularis
submucosa
mucosa
lumen
what are the functions of the oviduct
move sperm and oocyte toward each ohter
supports early embryo development
transports embryo to uterus
what are the portions of the oviducts
infundibulum
ampulla
isthmus
uterotubal junction
describe the infundibulum
catches the oocyte and guides it to oviduct
blood causes swelling to contact the ovary (estrogen)
sends oocyte to ostium
describe the ampulla
high SA and cilia
propells oocyte
location of fertilization
describe the isthmus
transports sperm to oocyte
transports fertilized ovum
describe the uterotubal junction
regulates movement of embryo to uterus
restricts sperm movement to oviduct
prevents movement of unfertilized oocytes
describe oviduct mucosa
ciliated for motility and nonciliated for secretion
what do hormones do
dictate whats going on
when is there more cilia? when is there less cilia
more cilia before ovulation
less after ovulation
define ampulla
contains more mucosa and submucosa; more cilia and secretion
define isthmus
contains more muscle for increased contractions
what are the uterine functions
transport sperm
expel fetus and placenta
absorption and phagocytosis
partially prepares sperm for fertilization
provides environment for embryo and fetal growth
produces prostaglandin F2a
what does prostaglandin f2a do
causes corpus luteum to go away and decrease progesterone secretion
increases at end of pregnancy to increase contraction strength
what are the 3 types of cervices
duplex
bicornuate
simplex
describe the duplex cervix
no uterine body
2 separate horns
2 cervices
describe the bicornuate cervix
uterine body
2 horns
single cervix
describe simplex cervix
uterine body
no horns
define metrium
uterus
what are the uterine layers
perimetrium
myometrium
endometrium
describe the perimetrium
outer layer of simple squamous epithelial connective tissue
very thin and transparent
describe the myometrium
longitudinal outer, circular inner
contributes to tone
contains longitudinal striations
describe endometrium
mucosa and submucosa
2 cell types (ciliated for motility and secretory for embryo support)
contains blood layers
where are glands found
the submucosa
describe the ruminant uterus
contains caruncles (vascularized, button-like structures)
fuses with cotyledons to form placentome
amnion tissues join with caruncle
describe the nonruminant uterus
contains mucosal folds
what are the functions of the cervix
transport sperm
barrier for sperm
reservoir for sperm
blocks bacterial invasion during pregnancy
birth canal
describe the cow cervix
thick connective tissue
4-5 anular rings
when is mucous secreted
near time of breeding/ovulation
define fernix
lined pocket beween vagina and cervix
what are the functions of the vagina
copulatory organ
secretes lubrication
birth canal
glands secretes pheromones
what is another name for the hymen
vulva-vagina sphincter
define labia
closed entrance to vagina to keep out debris
define clitoris
female sensory organ
how does the male avian tract differ from mammals
the entire tract is internal
where are avian testis located
along the dorm (spine) and adjacent to the kidney
define the cloaca and the vent
common opening
external opening
describe the vas deferens
transport duct
stores spermatozoa
opens at two papilla in the cloaca
describe the papilla
the mating organ found in the cloaca
describe the rudimentary copulatory organ (misnomer)
found in the cloaca; used to sex chicks
describe the female avian ovary
produces yolk and is much larger than the mammalian oocyte
the female avian tract follows a _____________- follicular growth
hierarchical
how often does ovulation occur for a hen
every 24 hours
what is the majority of the female avian tract
oviduct
what does the avian infundibulum do?
catches the yolk
site of fertilization
what does the magnum do
add albumen (protein)
define isthmus in avians
adds the shell membrane
define uterus (shell gland)
adds shell and H2O absorption
vagina
small portion of tract
where are the sperm storage tubules found
the utero-vaginal junction and the infundibulum
what part of the avian repro tract develops
the left
how long is sperm viable in a hen
2-15 weeks
