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ANS 327 Reproduction > quiz 6 > Flashcards

quiz 6 Flashcards

1
Q

do males have a surge or tonic center

A

tonic

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2
Q

where is GnRH secreted from

A

tonic center

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3
Q

where are LH and FSH secreted from

A

anterior pituitary

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4
Q

how often is LH pulsated

A

it occurs 4-8 times a day and lasts for 10 to 20 minutes

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5
Q

how often is FSH pulsated

A

less than LH but it lasts longer due to a longer half life

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6
Q

why does LH bond to leydig cells

A

to create progesterone which will later become testosterone

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7
Q

what does testosterone become in Sertoli cells

A

dihydrotestosterone and E2

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8
Q

what do Sertoli cells produce

A

E2, inhibin, and androgen binding

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9
Q

define spermatogenesis

A

the creation of spermatozoa

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10
Q

what are the 3 steps of spermatogenesis

A
  1. proliferative phase (mitosis)
  2. meiotic phase (meiosis)
  3. differentiation phase
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11
Q

how often are new sperm released

A

13.5 days

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12
Q

how many copies of DNA do spermatids have

A

1 copy

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13
Q

define apoptosis

A

cell death

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14
Q

how many spermatid are created

A

256

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15
Q

how many divisions occur

A

2-6

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16
Q

why can apoptosis occur

A

season
disease
trauma
heat
hormone levels
normal

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17
Q

define spermatogenesis

A

trasformation of round spermatid to elongated spermatid

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18
Q

what are the four phases of spermatogenesis

A

Golgi, cap, acrosomal, maturation

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19
Q

describe the Golgi phase

A

Golgi apparatus produces the acrosome which migrates to one end of the nucleus, centrioles migrates to the other end of the nucleus where the tail will form

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20
Q

describe cap phase

A

acrosome forms a distinct cap, Golgi moves away nucleus, flagellum forms

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21
Q

describe acrosomal phase

A

acrosome spreads around nucleus
manchette forms and creates tail
microtubules form
nuclear elongation

22
Q

describe maturation phase

A

manchette migrates to tail and disappears
mitochondria migrate toward and closer around the flagellum
dense outer fibers and fiberous sheath forms
spermatid becomes spermatozoa

23
Q

when does spermiation occur

A

the end of spermatogenesis

24
Q

what does spermiation do

A

prepares the sperm with the cytoplasmic droplet

25
Q

what can cause a temporal relationship

A

heat
stress
fever
toxin exposure

26
Q

define stages

A

specific cellular associations within a small segment of seminiferous tubules

27
Q

define cycles

A

progression through sequence of all stages

28
Q

how many cycles are needed for spermatozoa

A

4-5

29
Q

define wave

A

some portion of seminiferous tubule is always releasing sperm into the rate testes

30
Q

what does the vascular system provide

A

nutrients, oxygen, growth factors, and hormones

31
Q

describe basal

A

mitosis
spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes

32
Q

describe adluminal

A

meiosis and spermatogenesis
primary and secondary spermatocytes, spermatids

33
Q

describe lumen

A

spermiation

34
Q

what creates the blood testis barrier

A

Sertoli cells and tight junctions

35
Q

when does the blood testis barrier occur

A

at puberty

36
Q

what can harm the tight junctions

A

heat, metal, endocrine disrupters, pesticide, and lack of FSH and testosterone

37
Q

what is the epididymal function

A

maturation- change in fertility, develops motility, nuclear condensation, cytoplasmic droplet
concentration- removes water
secretion- t -> dht, energy, glycoproteins, lipids and enzymes
transport- smooth muscle contraction
storage- cauda

38
Q

what are the 3 variations of spermatogenesis

A

testis size
efficiency (mitosis and degeneration)
length of spermatogenesis

39
Q

what are the components of sperm

A

water
sperm
substrates
inorganic salts
proteins

40
Q

define anestrus

A

female does not have repeating estrous cycles

41
Q

what are the 3 types of estrus?

A

polyestrous
seasonal polyestrous
monoestrous

42
Q

define follicular phase and name the dominant hormone

A

follicles are more dominant in the ovarian structures
estrogen

43
Q

define luteal phase and name the dominant hormone

A

corpora lutea is dominant ovarian structure
progesterone

44
Q

describe the follicular phase

A

follicles grow, LH surge, dominant follicle grows, 20% of cycle

45
Q

describe the luteal phase

A

80% of cycle, dominated by corpus leteum, CL undergoes regression or luteolysis to form corpus albicans

46
Q

what stages make up the follicular phase? the luteal phase?

A

proestrus, estrus
metestrus, diestrus

47
Q

describe proestrus

A

proceeds estrus
begins when P4 declines
P4 morphs to E2
preovulatory follicles enlarge
vascularity inceases
endometrial glands grow
estrogen levels peak

48
Q

describe estrus

A

behavioral changes and more receptive to breeding
estrogen decreases
LH surge occurs
ovulates 24-48 hours after LH surge
high uterine motility
sperm transport is optimal
cervical mucus volume increase
FSH and LH increase

49
Q

describe metestrus

A

E2 and P4 are low
ovulation in cow
corpus hemorrhagic present and remodels into CL
contractions subside
endometrial glands grow
in cattle bleeding occurs
FSH increases
no longer makes inhibin
triggers follicular growth

50
Q

describe diestrus

A

longest phase
P4 is high
FHS increases at some point to initiate growth of next follicle
uterus secretes fluid but gradually slows
contractions stop
CL regresses if not pregnant

ANS 327 Reproduction (13 decks)

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