end exam 2 Flashcards
describe anestrus in dogs
reproductive quiet, 3 cycles in 2 years, 4-4.5 months
describe proestrus in dogs
begins with discharge and swelling, ends when mating occurs, 4-20 days
describe estrus in dogs
behavioral, LH and FSH peaks, 3-21days
describe diestrus in dogs
can be pregnant or open, open may cause pseudo pregnancy
how long does proestrous last in cats
8 days
how long does estrus last in cats?
9 days
what are the signs of estrus in cats
strong behavior, vocal, lordisis pose, restlessness
describe the signs of a mated queen
LH induced, increased progesterone, then decreased, so estrus reforms
define anestrus
female does not exhibit estrous for a period, no follicular or luteal activity
what are the types of anestrus
gestational
lactational
nursing,
season
stress
pathology
nutrition
define appeant anestrous
lack of detection of estrus or pregnancy
define gestational anestrus
progesterone is produced during and after pregnancy (neg feedback)
what are the species variations of gestational anestrus
mares, alpacas, and llamas
what does less melatonin mean for long day breeders
increases GnRH, FSH, and LH
what does less melatonin mean for short day breeders
decreases GnRH, FSH, and LH
what mammals is lactational anestrus not seen in
mares and alpacas
how long can cycling be delayed for in a nursing cow
60 days
what other inputs might be involved for lactational anestrus
visual, auditory, and olfactory
how is LH levels effected with nerves? without nerves?
LH levels will stay the same
define nutritional anestrus
negative energy balance will trigger anestrus
energy demands combine with energy requirements for growth and lactation
what must be considered for nutritional anestrus
first-calf lactating heifers
when will cycling resume
when energy requirements are restored
what are the four major events of follicules
elevated gonadotropin secreted from the anterior pituitary
follicular growth and preparation for ovulation
sexual receptivity
ovulation
describe the initiation of follicular growth
luteolysis decreases progesterone and - feedback is removed
GnRH increases amplitude and frequency
LH and FSH initially increase
estradiol increases
how long is the follicular phase
about 20% of the cylce
how many oocytes are ovulated in the lifespan of a cow if she does not get pregnant
136
define superovulation
rescue follicles from undergoing atresia with FSH treatment
describe the dynamic of recruitment
phase when a cohort (group) of small antral follicles which grow and secrete estradiol
FSH dependent
describe the dynamic of selection
recruited follicles are selected to undergo atresia or become dominant
describe the dynamic of dominance
large antral follicles in final stage of maturation that inhibits other follicles
ovulate- in presence of high LH
atresia- in presence of low LH
describe the dynamic of atresia
degeneration of follicle prior to ovulation
happens to 90% of all follicles
what are the 2 stages of inital follicle growth
gonadotropin dependent and independent
describe initial growth
50-60 days, does not require FSH, spontanious
describe cycle growth
FFSH causes rapid growth of the tertiary follicle
