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ANS 327 Reproduction > quiz 5 > Flashcards

quiz 5 Flashcards

1
Q

define episomic hormone release

A

occurs when there is stimulation/positive feedback
common with hormones under the nervous control
high spikes of release
ex: GnRH surge to respond to estradiol

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2
Q

define basal hormone release

A

background hormone release pattern
small blips of hormone release every 2-4 hours
ex: GnRH release from tonic center

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3
Q

define sustained hormone release

A

hormone increases and remains high
steady amount of hormones
can remain elevated for days/weeks
ex: steroid hormones

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4
Q

what’re the steps of the female negative feedback loop

A
  1. GnRH is released from tonic center of the hypothalamus at the tonic level
  2. tonic lh and fsh result in follicular growth on the ovary
  3. follicles will grow and produce estradiol and inhibin
  4. one follicle reaches the point where it makes high estradiol which becomes the dominant follicle
  5. primarily the LH and FSH surge due to high GnRH release
  6. ovulation is induced
  7. ovulated follicle will lutenize and become a CL which produces progesterone
  8. high progesterone will feedback negatively and inhibit GnRH
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5
Q

what are the steps of the male negative feedback loop

A
  1. tonic levels of GnRH releases from the hypothalamus
  2. tonic release of FSH and LH for anterior pituitary
    3a. FSH signals Sertoli cells in semineferous tubules; promotes spermatogenesis
    4a. sertoli cells release inhibin and decreases FSH
    5a. produces ABP (androgen binding protein)
    3b. LH signals leydig cells to produce testosterone
    4b. testosterone binds ABP which makes it more lipophobic and keeps testosterone in lumen where spermatozoa are present and helps with sperm maturation
    5b. testosterone has a negative feedback loop on the hypothalamus to decrease tonic FSH and LH
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6
Q

what are the 3 sections of sperm

A

head, midpiece, tail

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7
Q

what are the parts of the head

A

nucleus, acrosome, and post nuclear cap

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8
Q

what are the parts of the tail

A

mid piece, principle piece, and terminal piece

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9
Q

describe the head

A

contains nuclear material

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10
Q

describe the midpiece

A

contains mitochondria in a spiral fashion around the flagellum and ends at the annulus

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11
Q

describe the principle piece

A

the tail
has no mitochondria

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12
Q

describe the sperm of bulls, rams, boars, and stallions

A

oval and flat; tail length varies

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13
Q

describe human sperm

A

rounded head and 3-dimensional

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14
Q

describe rodent sperm

A

hook-shaped head

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15
Q

describe bird sperm

A

long and narrow

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16
Q

what is the entire sperm head covered by

A

the plasma membrane

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17
Q

define acrosome

A

membrane bound lysosome necessary for fertilization

18
Q

define apical ridge

A

bulging area at the proximal region of nuclear head

19
Q

define equatorial segment

A

distal boundary of the acrosome

20
Q

define postnuclear cap

A

portion below the equatorial segment

21
Q

describe the sperm head from exterior to interior

A

plasma membrane, outer acrosomal membrane, acrosomal contents, inner acromosal membrane, nuclear membrane, nucleus

22
Q

describe the sperm head from the anterior portion to the posterior portion

A

apical segment, principle segment, equatorial segment, postacromsomal segment

23
Q

define acrosin

A

drills through the zone pellucida

24
Q

define hyaluronidase

A

dissolves hyaluronic acid in cumulus

25
Q

define capitulum

A

portion of tail that implants into the posterior portion of the head

26
Q

define laminated columns

A

gives flexibility to the tail

27
Q

define axoneme and how many there are

A

microtubules that fun the length of the tail
9 pairs around 2 central filaments

28
Q

define mitochondria

A

helix around mid piece to produce energy

29
Q

define annulus

A

where the mitochondria ends

30
Q

what color is best for sperm

A

white/cream

31
Q

how is volume measured for sperm

A

mL

32
Q

describe concentration

A

how many sperm/mL there are

33
Q

what is most often used to determine concentration

A

hemocytometer

34
Q

define total motility

A

all the moving sperm

35
Q

define progressive motility

A

sperm moving in a straight line

36
Q

define CASA

A

computer-aided sperm analysis, which tracks individual sperm

37
Q

what are the two classifications of morphology

A

scheme A and scheme B

38
Q

describe scheme A

A

primary- head abnormalities
secondary- tail abnormalities

39
Q

describe scheme B

A

primary- head abnormalities
secondary- tail abnormalities
tertiary- cytoplasmic droplets

40
Q
A

ANS 327 Reproduction (13 decks)

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