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AP100 > Quiz Tuesday note pages 1-6 > Flashcards

Quiz Tuesday note pages 1-6 Flashcards

1
Q

A substance that cannot be split into simpler substances by normal means

A

element

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2
Q

3 subatomic particles

A

proton, neutron, electron

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3
Q

are substances composed of more than one atom

A

molecules

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4
Q

inorganic molecules include

A

water, oxygen gas, carbon dioxide gas

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5
Q

_____ ____ are the building blocks of living things

A

organic molecules

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6
Q

4 examples of organic molecules

A

carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids

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7
Q

____ are the smallest level of organization considered alive

A

cells

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8
Q

organisms composed of one cell are termed ______

A

unicellular

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9
Q

humans are ______, with different cell types carrying out different functions

A

multicellular

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10
Q

_____ consist of the fluid cytosol and the organelles

A

cytoplasm

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11
Q

____ are specialized parts of cells that have particular function

A

organelles

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12
Q

3 examples of organelles

A

nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria

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13
Q

____ are layers of cells or groups of cells working together to serve a common
function

A

tissues

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14
Q

a layer of tightly joined cells covers a surface, lines a lumen or forms glands

A

Epithelium

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15
Q

____ ____ binds other tissues together, forms tendons and ligaments, includes blood and bone

A

Connective Tissue

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16
Q

___ ____ are tissue with fewer cells and a matrix of fibers and ground substance

A

Connective Tissue

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17
Q

___ ___ electrically excitable, contractile tissue

A

Muscle Tissue

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18
Q

____ _____ of the biceps brachii moves a bone

A

skeletal muscle

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19
Q

___ ___ electrically excitable tissue that conducts impulses

A

nervous tissue

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20
Q

4 examples of nervous tissue

A

brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, sense organs

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21
Q

______ are groups of tissues working together to serve a common function

A

organs

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22
Q

_______ is the sum of all chemical processes occurring in the body
it consists of anabolic and catabolic reactions

A

metabolism

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23
Q

___ ___ involved in the building of large, complex, organic molecules using energy (ATP)

A

anabolic reactions

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24
Q

simple amino acids combined to form complex proteins such as muscle protein is an example of ____ ____

A

anabolic reactions

25
Q

____ ____ are the breakdown of large, complex organic molecules into simpler organic molecules
liberating heat or energy that can be used to build large molecules again

A

catabolic reactions

26
Q

breakdown of ingested food such as proteins broken down into amino acids is an example of a(n) ___ ___

A

catabolic reaction

27
Q

_____ is individual growth of a cell through increased synthesis of cytoplasm - hypertrophy

A

growth

28
Q

______ is increase in numbers of cells through cell divisions - hyperplasia

A

growth

29
Q

an example of growth in ____ of cells would be the increase in size of fat cells or adipocytes

A

size

30
Q

increased length of limb bones in children is a result of cell division / hair growth is an increase in the ____ of cells

A

number

31
Q

cell division of the fertilized egg lead to the multicellular fetus (along with differentiation) is a result of increase in the ____ of cells

A

number

32
Q

______ is a process whereby a cell changes from an unspecialized cell to a specialized
cell with specific functions

A

differentiation

33
Q

all blood cells arise from (a)n undifferentiated ____ _____

A

stem cell

34
Q

the fertilized egg or ovum starts as a single undifferentiated cell and through cell division and
differentiation produces a multicellular _____ with many different tissue types or _____
layers

A

blastocyst, germ

35
Q

_____ - outer cells which eventually form epidermis of skin and nervous tissue

A

ectoderm

36
Q

_______ middle cells which eventually form muscle, connective tissue

A

mesoderm

37
Q

_______ inner cells which eventually form lining of digestive tract

A

endoderm

38
Q

_______ refers to the production of a new individual via sperm and eggs
* also refers to formation of new cells for growth repair or replacement

A

reproduction

39
Q

homeo / stasis means

A

same, standing still

40
Q

a ___ ____ is a cycle of events which involve continuously monitoring a controlled
condition of the body and reporting back to a ___ ____ region

A

feedback system, central control

41
Q

if homeostasis is disrupted by stress, the stress is called the _____

A

stimulus

42
Q

_____ is any stimulus which disturbs homeostasis by creating an imbalance in the internal
environment (disease)

A

stress

43
Q

if the response reverses the original stimulus the feedback system is described as a __________

A

negative feedback system

44
Q

if the response enhances the original stimulus the feedback system is described as a __________

A

positive feedback system

45
Q

_____ is an abnormality of function

A

disorder

46
Q

______ is an illness characterized by specific signs and symptoms

A

disease

47
Q

______ are subjective changes in body function that are not observable

A

symptoms

48
Q

______ are changes that can be observed and measured

A

signs

49
Q

_____ _____ are defined as dilute, watery solutions containing dissolved chemicals inside or
outside of the cell

A

body fluids

50
Q

_____ fluid in which substances dissolve is water

A

solvent

51
Q

_____ dissolved in the water include gases, nutrients and ions

A

solutes

52
Q

or cytosol is the fluid found inside the cells and comprises 2/3 of the
fluid volume in the body

A

intracellular fluid

53
Q

is the fluid surrounding the cells and it comprises 1/3 of the fluid
volume in the body

A

extracellular fluid

54
Q

_____ is the extracellular fluid of blood

A

plasma

55
Q

___ ___ is found in the spaces between all cells of the body

A

interstitial fluid

56
Q

_____ contains interstitial fluid that needs to be returned to blood, as well as lipids and
immune cells

A

lymph

57
Q

most of this fluid is returned to the veins, but some passes into the lymphatic vessels to
become ____

A

lymph

58
Q

Medical term for butt crack

A

Intergluteal cleft

AP100 (15 decks)

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