Quiz Tuesday note pages 1-6 Flashcards
A substance that cannot be split into simpler substances by normal means
element
3 subatomic particles
proton, neutron, electron
are substances composed of more than one atom
molecules
inorganic molecules include
water, oxygen gas, carbon dioxide gas
_____ ____ are the building blocks of living things
organic molecules
4 examples of organic molecules
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
____ are the smallest level of organization considered alive
cells
organisms composed of one cell are termed ______
unicellular
humans are ______, with different cell types carrying out different functions
multicellular
_____ consist of the fluid cytosol and the organelles
cytoplasm
____ are specialized parts of cells that have particular function
organelles
3 examples of organelles
nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria
____ are layers of cells or groups of cells working together to serve a common
function
tissues
a layer of tightly joined cells covers a surface, lines a lumen or forms glands
Epithelium
____ ____ binds other tissues together, forms tendons and ligaments, includes blood and bone
Connective Tissue
___ ____ are tissue with fewer cells and a matrix of fibers and ground substance
Connective Tissue
___ ___ electrically excitable, contractile tissue
Muscle Tissue
____ _____ of the biceps brachii moves a bone
skeletal muscle
___ ___ electrically excitable tissue that conducts impulses
nervous tissue
4 examples of nervous tissue
brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, sense organs
______ are groups of tissues working together to serve a common function
organs
_______ is the sum of all chemical processes occurring in the body
it consists of anabolic and catabolic reactions
metabolism
___ ___ involved in the building of large, complex, organic molecules using energy (ATP)
anabolic reactions
simple amino acids combined to form complex proteins such as muscle protein is an example of ____ ____
anabolic reactions
____ ____ are the breakdown of large, complex organic molecules into simpler organic molecules
liberating heat or energy that can be used to build large molecules again
catabolic reactions
breakdown of ingested food such as proteins broken down into amino acids is an example of a(n) ___ ___
catabolic reaction
_____ is individual growth of a cell through increased synthesis of cytoplasm - hypertrophy
growth
______ is increase in numbers of cells through cell divisions - hyperplasia
growth
an example of growth in ____ of cells would be the increase in size of fat cells or adipocytes
size
increased length of limb bones in children is a result of cell division / hair growth is an increase in the ____ of cells
number
cell division of the fertilized egg lead to the multicellular fetus (along with differentiation) is a result of increase in the ____ of cells
number
______ is a process whereby a cell changes from an unspecialized cell to a specialized
cell with specific functions
differentiation
all blood cells arise from (a)n undifferentiated ____ _____
stem cell
the fertilized egg or ovum starts as a single undifferentiated cell and through cell division and
differentiation produces a multicellular _____ with many different tissue types or _____
layers
blastocyst, germ
_____ - outer cells which eventually form epidermis of skin and nervous tissue
ectoderm
_______ middle cells which eventually form muscle, connective tissue
mesoderm
_______ inner cells which eventually form lining of digestive tract
endoderm
_______ refers to the production of a new individual via sperm and eggs
* also refers to formation of new cells for growth repair or replacement
reproduction
homeo / stasis means
same, standing still
a ___ ____ is a cycle of events which involve continuously monitoring a controlled
condition of the body and reporting back to a ___ ____ region
feedback system, central control
if homeostasis is disrupted by stress, the stress is called the _____
stimulus
_____ is any stimulus which disturbs homeostasis by creating an imbalance in the internal
environment (disease)
stress
if the response reverses the original stimulus the feedback system is described as a __________
negative feedback system
if the response enhances the original stimulus the feedback system is described as a __________
positive feedback system
_____ is an abnormality of function
disorder
______ is an illness characterized by specific signs and symptoms
disease
______ are subjective changes in body function that are not observable
symptoms
______ are changes that can be observed and measured
signs
_____ _____ are defined as dilute, watery solutions containing dissolved chemicals inside or
outside of the cell
body fluids
_____ fluid in which substances dissolve is water
solvent
_____ dissolved in the water include gases, nutrients and ions
solutes
or cytosol is the fluid found inside the cells and comprises 2/3 of the
fluid volume in the body
intracellular fluid
is the fluid surrounding the cells and it comprises 1/3 of the fluid
volume in the body
extracellular fluid
_____ is the extracellular fluid of blood
plasma
___ ___ is found in the spaces between all cells of the body
interstitial fluid
_____ contains interstitial fluid that needs to be returned to blood, as well as lipids and
immune cells
lymph
most of this fluid is returned to the veins, but some passes into the lymphatic vessels to
become ____
lymph
Medical term for butt crack
Intergluteal cleft
