Bones quiz 1 Flashcards
blast
immature
chondro
cartilage
clast
to break
dia
through
epi
over
meta
after beyond
myelo
marrow
osteo
bone
peri
around
physis
growing
Functions of Bone and Skeletal System (6)
support, protection, assistance in movement, mineral homeostasis, blood cell production, triglyceride storage
_____framework for the body
Support
____bones protect many internal organs
Protection
______skeletal muscles attach to bones & bones function as levers
Assistance in Movement
time to reform skeleton
7 years
quiz Thursday with diagram
____ bones store many minerals
such as calcium and phosphorus
Mineral Homeostasis
______ is the formation of blood cells occurring in red bone marrow
Blood Cell Production – hematopoiesis
______yellow bone marrow, primarily in hollow interior of the middle portion of long bones
- Serves as a potential chemical energy reserve
Triglyceride Storage
Diaphysis
shaft
_____distal or proximal end of long bones.
Epiphysis –
_____point of union of diapysis and epiphysis, includes epiphyseal growth plate
Metaphysis
_____ thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the epiphysis, found at articular (joint) surfaces
Articular Cartilage
_______membrane around the outer surface of bone that is not covered by articular cartilage
Periosteum
Periosteum attached to underlying bone matrix by ______of collagen
perforating fibers
Periosteum ______outer layer of dense, irregular connective tissue, containing blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves that all serve the bone
fibrous layer -
Periosteum ______- inner layer of elastic fibers, blood vessels and osteogenic cells (stem cells)
osteogenic layer
______ space inside the diaphysis containing yellow bone marrow in adults (triglycerides for energy storage)
Medullary Cavity -
______lining of the medullary cavity contains osteogenic cells and osteoclasts
Endosteum -
slide 5 figure 6.1 p137 diagram for quiz
Four types of cells are present in bone tissue
Osteogenic cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts
______ Unspecialized cells (stem cells) that can undergo mitosis and develop into osteoblasts
found in the inner portion of the periosteum and in the endosteum
Osteogenic cells
Bone-building cells
Synthesize extracellular matrix and mineral of bone tissue
Become trapped in the matrix and are then called osteocytes
Osteoblasts
principal cell of bone tissue
mature osteoblasts trapped in the matrix
cannot divide by mitosis
do not secrete matrix materials
maintain bone tissue via exchange of nutrients, gases and wastes
Osteocytes
____ huge cells derived from the fusion of as many as 50 monocytes (a blood cell)
located in the endosteum
involved in bone reabsorption (destruction of matrix)
ruffled border is the site of exocytosis of protons & lysosomal enzymes that digest bone
Osteoclasts
osteoblasts become _____ after being trapped in the matrix
osteocytes
calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide combine to form _____ which then combined with calcium carbonate and small amounts of magnesium, fluoride and sulfate provides hardness to the bone
hydroxyapatite
all of these mineral salts are deposited upon the matrix framework formed by ______, the salts crystallize and the tissue hardens
collagen fibers
all of these mineral salts are deposited upon the matrix framework formed by collagen fibers, the salts crystallize and the tissue hardens
this process is called _____or ______
calcification, mineralization
______ Bone - contains few spaces
forms the external layer of all bones of the body and the bulk the diaphyses of long bones
provides support and protection
resists loading stresses
Compact or Dense
_______(Haversian Canals) run along the length of bone carrying vessels and nerves
Central Canals
_______ are rings of hard calcified matrix formed around the central canals, which together form ______ - the basic structural unit of compact bone
Concentric Lamellae, osteons
be able to list 6 functions of bones
