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AP100 > building blocks of life > Flashcards

building blocks of life Flashcards

1
Q

six important life processes

A

metabolism, responsiveness, growth, differentiation, reproduction

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2
Q

metabolism

A

the sum of all chemical processes in the body anabolic and catabolic

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3
Q

anabolic reaction involved in the building of large complex organic molecules using ______

A

ATP

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4
Q

catabolic reactions opposite on anabolic, break down of large _____ _____ into simpler organic molecules liberating heat energy

A

organic molecules

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5
Q

responsiveness

A

the ability to detect and respond to internal and external stimuli

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6
Q

nerve cells respond to stimulus by generating a ___ ____

A

nerve impulse

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7
Q

muscle cells respond by ______

A

contracting

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8
Q

growth individual growth of a cell through increased synthesis of ____ ____ ______

A

cytoplasm organelles hyper trophy

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9
Q

differentiation a processes where a cell changes from a _____ to a _____ with specific function

A

unspecialized specialized

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10
Q

The fertilized egg starts as a single undifferentiated cell and through cell division and differentiation produces a multicellular ______

A

blastocyst

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11
Q

outer cells which eventually form epidermis of skin and nervous tissue

A

ectoderm

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12
Q

middle cells which eventually form muscle, connective tissue

A

mesoderm

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13
Q

inner cells which eventually form lining of digestive tract

A

endoderm

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14
Q

refers to the production of a new individual via sperm and eggs

A

Reproduction

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15
Q

Homeostasis means _____ _____

A

same / standing still

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16
Q

A ___ ____ is a cycle of events which involve continuously monitoring a ____ _____of the body and reporting back to a central control region

A

feedback system, controlled condition

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17
Q

If homeostasis is disrupted by stress, the stress is called the _______

A

stimulus

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18
Q

______ is any stimulus which disturbs homeostasis by creating an imbalance in the internal environment

A

Stress

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19
Q

______ monitors the changes in the controlled condition due to a stimulus and sends or inputs this information to the control center

A

Receptor

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20
Q

usually the _____ _____
determines the point at which the controlled condition such as heart rate, body temperature, should be maintained

A

Control Center

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21
Q

_____receives the information or output from the control center and produces a response which alters the controlled condition hopefully returning to homeostasis

A

Effector

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22
Q

3 basic components of a feedback system

A

receptor, control center, effector

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23
Q

If the response reverses the original stimulus the feedback system is described as a

A

negative feedback system

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24
Q

If the response enhances the original stimulus the feedback system is described as a

A

positive feedback system

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25
Q

2 examples of a positive feedback system

A

blood clotting, labour

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26
Q

an abnormality of function

A

Disorder

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27
Q

is an illness characterized by specific signs and symptoms

A

Disease

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28
Q

subjective changes in body function that are not observable

A

symptoms

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29
Q

changes that can be observed and measured

A

signs

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30
Q

____ ____ defined as dilute, watery solutions containing dissolved chemicals inside or outside of the cell

A

body fluids

31
Q

fluid in which substances dissolve is water

A

solvent

32
Q

dissolved in the water include gases, nutrients and ions (Na+ and Cl-)

A

solutes

33
Q

ECF between cells but inside tissues

A

Interstitial Fluid

34
Q

_____ is the extracellular fluid of blood

A

plasma

35
Q

_____ _____ found in the spaces between all cells of the body

A

interstitial fluid

36
Q

_____ contains interstitial fluid that needs to be returned to blood, as well as lipids and immune cells

A

lymph

37
Q

other extracellular fluids (4)

A

cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, serous fluid, humours of the eyes

38
Q

list CHON

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

39
Q

__________ hold together atoms forming a stable molecule or compound

A

chemical bonds

40
Q

sodium _____ an electron and chlorine _____one

A

loses, gains

41
Q

what two atoms make up an ionic bond?

A

NaCl

42
Q

_________ 2 or more atoms share electrons rather than gaining or losing them i.e. glucose, water, carbon dioxide

A

Covalent Bonds

43
Q

_________ dissociate into hydrogen ions (H+, also known as protons) and anions in water

A

acids

44
Q

_______ dissociate into hydroxide ions (OH-) and cations in water

A

bases

45
Q

______ convert strong acids or bases into weaker acids or bases in order to bring the pH back to near neutral

A

buffers

46
Q

the pH of blood plasma *

A

7.35-7.45

47
Q

____ are shared in pairs in a covalent bond

A

electrons

48
Q

polar bonds are hydrophobic or hydro phillic

A

hydrophilic

49
Q

non polar bonds hydrophobic or hydrophilic

A

hydrophobic

50
Q

_________ one of the most important inorganic compounds of living organisms is

A

water

51
Q

water makes up what percentage of the human body

A

55-60%

52
Q

water is polar or non polar

A

polar

53
Q

polar substances attracted to water molecules are ________

A

hydrophilic

54
Q

_____ molecules lack charged components and they will not dissolve in water

A

non polar

55
Q

non-polar substances are hydrophobic or philic

A

hydrophobic

56
Q

hydrophobic action of non-polar substances is the biochemical compounds that make up cell membranes of all living things which are called ___________

A

phospholipids

57
Q

Water exhibits ______ which is the tendency of molecules to stick together

A

cohesion

58
Q

water molecules link together resulting in a high _____

A

surface tension

59
Q

Water is a ______ which allows structures to slide past each other without creating friction

A

lubricant

60
Q

Most organic molecules are large macromolecules or _____

A

polymers

61
Q

Reactions that involve the breakdown of macromolecules into their monomers are called _______________

A

catabolic reactions

62
Q

Reactions that involve the building of macromolecules from monomers are called _____________

A

anabolic reactions

63
Q

_________ is the sum of all of the anabolic and catabolic biochemical reactions in the body

A

Metabolism

64
Q

polymers are built by joining together monomers in a process called __________

A

dehydration synthesis

65
Q

polymers are broken down into their subunits in a process called ______

A

hydrolysis

66
Q

plants remove water in a reaction called _________

A

dehydration synthesis

67
Q

____________ involves the breakdown of the glucose to release the stored energy, producing ATP

A

cellular respiration

68
Q

name 3 monosaccharides *

A

fructose, galactose, glucose

69
Q

Sugars not used for fuel or synthesis of other organic molecules are stored in the form of _______

A

disaccharides

70
Q

3 disaccharides *

A

lactose, sucrose, maltose

71
Q

Large carbohydrate polymers are called ________

A

polysaccharides

72
Q

polysaccharides are formed through the process of dehydration synthesis and are storage forms of polysaccharides include _____ , ________, _______ *

A

cellulous, starch, glycogen

73
Q
A

AP100 (15 decks)

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