bones quiz 2

Question 1

slide 15 bones quiz figure 6.3 pg 140

Question 2

______ are rings of hard calcified matrix formed around the central canals, which together form osteons

Answer 2

Concentric Lamellae

Question 3

_____the basic structural unit of compact bone

Answer 3

osteons

Question 4

______are the small spaces between the lamellae which contain osteocytes

Answer 4

Lacunae (little lakes)

Question 5

______are tiny canals which radiate in all directions from the lacunae; are filled with interstitial fluid and fingerlike projections from osteocytes

Answer 5

Canaliculi (little channels)

Question 6

______ are found between osteons
fragments of older osteons that have been partially destroyed during growth and remodeling

Answer 6

Interstitial Lamellae

Question 7

_______encircle the cortical region beneath the periosteum and encircle medullary cavity

Answer 7

Circumferential Lamellae

Question 8

Spongy bone contains no true _____

Answer 8

osteons

Question 9

lamellae are found in irregular framework or latticework called _____(little beams) - thin plates of bone scaffoding

Answer 9

trabeculae

Question 10

within the trabeculae are _____ that contain osteocytes

Answer 10

lacunae

Question 11

radiating from the lacunae are _____containing the extensions of osteocytes

Answer 11

canaliculi

Question 12

Bone Tissue is Highly _____

Answer 12

Vascular

Question 13

the artery associated with the diaphysis is named the _____ (can be more than one nutrient artery in a single diaphysis) and it enters the bone shaft through the _______

Answer 13

nutrient artery, nutrient foramen

Question 14

the _____is especially rich in sensory nerves

Answer 14

periosteum

Question 15

The process by which bone forms is called ____

Answer 15

ossification

Question 16

Formation of Flat Bones in an Embryo

Answer 16

Intramembranous Ossification

Question 17

Formation of Long Bones in an Embryo

Answer 17

Endochondral Ossification

Question 18

Growth in Length
a.k.a._______
- occurs only in cartilaginous regions of long bones

Answer 18

interstitial growth

Question 19

the ______ permits growth of the diaphysis of long bones

Answer 19

epiphyseal growth plate

Question 20

______ dividing mitotically lay down cartilage lengthwise (endochondral growth)

Answer 20

chondrocytes

Question 21

note that bone tissue itself cannot _____

Answer 21

grow in length

Question 22

At adulthood, the epiphyseal plates close and bone replaces all the cartilage leaving a bony structure called the ______

Answer 22

epiphyseal line

Question 23

Bones grow in thickness at the outer surface
a.k.a. ______

Answer 23

appositional growth

Question 24

is indirectly responsible (through the induction of insulin-like growth factor, IGF, expression) for the lengthening of bone at the growth plate during infancy, childhood and adolescence

Answer 24

Growth Hormone

Question 25

cause a dramatic effect on bone growth

Answer 25

Estrogen and testosterone

Question 26

slide 15 figure 6.3 pg140 on next quiz and test

Question 27

_____or ongoing removal of old bone and addition of new bone consists of

Answer 27

bone remodeling

Question 28

______ or removal of minerals and collagen by osteoclasts

Answer 28

bone resorption

Question 29

_____ or addition of minerals and collagen by osteoblasts

Answer 29

bone deposition

Question 30

Factors Affecting Bone Homeostasis

Answer 30

minerals, vitamins, hormones

Question 31

_____ is the disorder associated with vitamin C deficiency

Answer 31

scurvy

Question 32

***____is due to a vitamin D deficiency in children leading to soft bones (bowed legs, shorter stature)

Answer 32

rickets

Question 33

***______is due to a vitamin D deficiency in adults leading to soft bones (especially vertebrae)

Answer 33

osteomalacia

Question 34

increases absorption of calcium from intestines into blood and decreases loss of calcium in urine

Answer 34

Vitamin D

Question 35

The repair of a bone fracture involves the following steps

Answer 35

Formation of fracture hematoma, Fibrocartilaginous callus formation, Bony callus formation , Bone remodeling

Question 36

_____reduced bone mass due to decreased bone synthesis relative to bone reabsorption

Answer 36

osteopenia

Question 37

with age there is a decrease in minerals in bone (demineralization) and also decreased rate of protein synthesis which lead to ______ or decreased bone density

Answer 37

osteoporosis