bones quiz 2 Flashcards
slide 15 bones quiz figure 6.3 pg 140
______ are rings of hard calcified matrix formed around the central canals, which together form osteons
Concentric Lamellae
_____the basic structural unit of compact bone
osteons
______are the small spaces between the lamellae which contain osteocytes
Lacunae (little lakes)
______are tiny canals which radiate in all directions from the lacunae; are filled with interstitial fluid and fingerlike projections from osteocytes
Canaliculi (little channels)
______ are found between osteons
fragments of older osteons that have been partially destroyed during growth and remodeling
Interstitial Lamellae
_______encircle the cortical region beneath the periosteum and encircle medullary cavity
Circumferential Lamellae
Spongy bone contains no true _____
osteons
lamellae are found in irregular framework or latticework called _____(little beams) - thin plates of bone scaffoding
trabeculae
within the trabeculae are _____ that contain osteocytes
lacunae
radiating from the lacunae are _____containing the extensions of osteocytes
canaliculi
Bone Tissue is Highly _____
Vascular
the artery associated with the diaphysis is named the _____ (can be more than one nutrient artery in a single diaphysis) and it enters the bone shaft through the _______
nutrient artery, nutrient foramen
the _____is especially rich in sensory nerves
periosteum
The process by which bone forms is called ____
ossification
Formation of Flat Bones in an Embryo
Intramembranous Ossification
Formation of Long Bones in an Embryo
Endochondral Ossification
Growth in Length
a.k.a._______
- occurs only in cartilaginous regions of long bones
interstitial growth
the ______ permits growth of the diaphysis of long bones
epiphyseal growth plate
______ dividing mitotically lay down cartilage lengthwise (endochondral growth)
chondrocytes
note that bone tissue itself cannot _____
grow in length
At adulthood, the epiphyseal plates close and bone replaces all the cartilage leaving a bony structure called the ______
epiphyseal line
Bones grow in thickness at the outer surface
a.k.a. ______
appositional growth
is indirectly responsible (through the induction of insulin-like growth factor, IGF, expression) for the lengthening of bone at the growth plate during infancy, childhood and adolescence
Growth Hormone
cause a dramatic effect on bone growth
Estrogen and testosterone
slide 15 figure 6.3 pg140 on next quiz and test
_____or ongoing removal of old bone and addition of new bone consists of
bone remodeling
______ or removal of minerals and collagen by osteoclasts
bone resorption
_____ or addition of minerals and collagen by osteoblasts
bone deposition
Factors Affecting Bone Homeostasis
minerals, vitamins, hormones
_____ is the disorder associated with vitamin C deficiency
scurvy
***____is due to a vitamin D deficiency in children leading to soft bones (bowed legs, shorter stature)
rickets
***______is due to a vitamin D deficiency in adults leading to soft bones (especially vertebrae)
osteomalacia
increases absorption of calcium from intestines into blood and decreases loss of calcium in urine
Vitamin D
The repair of a bone fracture involves the following steps
Formation of fracture hematoma, Fibrocartilaginous callus formation, Bony callus formation , Bone remodeling
_____reduced bone mass due to decreased bone synthesis relative to bone reabsorption
osteopenia
with age there is a decrease in minerals in bone (demineralization) and also decreased rate of protein synthesis which lead to ______ or decreased bone density
osteoporosis
