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AP100 > histology pt 1 quiz 1 > Flashcards

histology pt 1 quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

____ a group of similar cells that function together

A

tissue: a group of similar cells that function together

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2
Q

______ is the study of tissues

A

histology: the study of tissues

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3
Q

list the 4 types of tissues

A

epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, nervous tissue

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4
Q

_________ are the embryonic tissues from which all tissues and organs of the body develop

A

Primary germ layers are the embryonic tissues from which all tissues and organs of the body develop

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5
Q

the fertilized egg or _______undergoes multiple rounds of mitosis

A

the fertilized egg or zygote undergoes multiple rounds of mitosis

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6
Q

zygote undergoes multiple rounds of mitosis
this forms a multicellular _______

A

blastocyst

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7
Q

_______- outer germ layer

A

ectoderm - outer germ layer

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8
Q

_______ middle germ layer

A

mesoderm - middle germ layer

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9
Q

_______ - inner germ layer

A

endoderm - inner germ layer

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10
Q

name the 5 types of cell junctions

A

tight junctions, adherens junctions, desmosomes, hemidesmosomes, gap junction

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11
Q

adherens junctions
composed of _____, a dense layer of proteins inside the plasma membrane attached to microfilaments

A

plaque

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12
Q

_____ form seals between cells to prevent leakage of fluid between them

A

tight junctions

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13
Q

_____ composed of plaque, a dense layer of proteins inside the plasma membrane attached to microfilaments

A

adherens junctions

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14
Q

______ composed of plaque and transmembrane proteins linking adjacent cells

A

desmosomes

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15
Q

______ connects a cell to extracellular material such as basement membranes

A

hemidesmosomes

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16
Q

_________ communicating junctions that permit electrical or chemical signals to pass from cell to cell

A

gap junctions

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17
Q

in gap junctions transmembrane proteins called ______ form fluid-filled channels

A

connexons

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18
Q

name the two major types of tissues

A

covering and lining, glandular

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19
Q

firmly adheres to underlying connective tissue called
the________

A

firmly adheres to underlying connective tissue called
the basement membrane

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20
Q

how many days to replace all skin cells

A

28 days

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21
Q

____ are flattened, scale-like cells

A

squamous

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22
Q

____ are cube shaped

A

cuboidal

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23
Q

_____ are tall and cylindrical; rectangular

A

columnar

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24
Q

____ cells are able to change shape and stretch

A

transitional

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25
Q

the lining of blood vessels and the heart is called ______

A

endothelium

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26
Q

forms part of serous membranes, _______, where it secretes serous fluid

A

mesothelium

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27
Q

cell staining compounds ***

A

hematoxylin (purple), eosin (pink)

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28
Q

3 types of epithelial tissues

A

simple, stratified, pseudostratified

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29
Q

Non-Ciliated Simple Columnar Epithelium may contain _______(increase surface area for absorption) and ______ which secrete mucus for lubrication and protection

A

microvilli, goblet cells

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30
Q

Ciliated Simple Columnar Epithelium are found primarily in ____ and ____

A

respiratory tract, fallopian tubes

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31
Q

Non-Ciliated Simple Columnar Epithelium are found in ______ and _____

A

gastrointestinal tract, ducts of glands

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32
Q

stratified squamous epithelium found in what 3 things

A

mouth, vagina, outer layer of the skin

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33
Q

transitional epithelium is found in the _____-

A

bladder

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34
Q

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium form the _____

A

trachea

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35
Q

**pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial found in _____

A

found in upper respiratory tract, fallopian tubes

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36
Q

pseudostratified nonciliated columnar epithelial lines ____

A

larger ducts and glands

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37
Q

a______ is a highly specialized epithelial cell or group of cells that secretes substances into duct or surface, or into the blood

A

a gland is a highly specialized epithelial cell or group of cells that secretes substances into duct or surface, or into the blood

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38
Q

_________
secrete substance into _____ then (usually) into the blood

A

endocrine glands, into the extracellular fluid and

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39
Q

are endocrine glands ductless

A

yes

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40
Q

endocrine glands secretions are ____

A

hormones

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41
Q

_________:
secrete substance into a duct or ________

A

exocrine glands, onto the free surface

42
Q

exocrine glands; secretions usually reach free surface via tube like _____

A

ducts

43
Q

____________ are
single celled glands such as goblet cells that secrete mucus

A

unicellular glands
single celled glands such as goblet cells that secrete mucus

44
Q

________ consists of many specialized cells
most exocrine glands are multicellular

A

multicellular glands
gland consists of many specialized cells
most exocrine glands are multicellular

45
Q

exocrine secret to a _____ or the surface

A

duct

46
Q

A _____ is a unicellular gland

A

goblet

47
Q

3 functional classifications of exocrine glands

A

merocrine, apocrine, holocrine

48
Q

skin oil is also referred to as ______

A

sebum

49
Q

_____ is an autoimmune disease of exocrine glands

A

Sjogren’s Syndrome

50
Q

general characteristics of connective tissue

A

consists of cells, ground substance and fibers

51
Q

what is the most abundant tissue in the body

A

connective tissue

52
Q

immature cells are referred to as _____

A

blasts

53
Q

immature cells become mature cells or _____once the matrix is produced

A

cytes

54
Q

_____ secrete the molecules that form the matrix (fibers and ground substance)

A

fibroblasts

55
Q

macrophages is also called

A

white blood cells

56
Q

macrophages develop from ______

A

monocytes

57
Q

_____ (alveolar macrophages of lungs; fixed macrophages in spleen) and _____macrophages in the dermis of the skin

A

fixed, wandering

58
Q

6 types of cells of connective tissue

A

fibroblasts, macrophages, plasma cells, mast cells, adipocytes, neutrophils

59
Q

___ develop from B lymphocytes and leave bone marrow and reside in connective tissue

A

plasma cells

60
Q

_____
found along blood vessels in connective tissue, involved in the inflammatory response

A

mast cells

61
Q

____ fat cells which store triglycerides

A

adipocytes

62
Q

____ migrate to connective tissue to combat pathogens

A

neutrophils

63
Q

____ produce antibodies

A

plasma cells

64
Q

_______is the part of connective tissue between the fibers and cells

A

ground substance

65
Q

_____ holds water within the tissues

A

ground substance

66
Q

ground substance is protein and sugar and its purpose is to _______

A

hold water

67
Q

collagen fibers are found in most connective tissues but predominate in these 5 things

A

skin, bone, cartilage, tendons and ligaments

68
Q

______ provide strength and support for tissues

A

fibers

69
Q

collagen fibers often are arranged in bundles ______

A

(type I collagen)

70
Q

what is the most common type of collagen

A

type 1

71
Q

elastic fibers are found in abundance in these 5 things

A

skin, blood vessel walls, bladder wall and lung tissue

72
Q

_______ a genetic disorder of faulty elastic fiber

A

Marfan’s Syndrome

73
Q

reticular fibers consist of single collagen molecule type ______

A

4

74
Q

reticular fibers form the ______(framework) of many soft organs – lymph nodes, spleen, liver

A

stroma

75
Q

_______
loosely woven fibers with many cells

A

Loose Connective Tissue

76
Q

3 types of loose connective tissue

A

areolar connective tissue, adipose tissue, reticular connective tissue

77
Q

2 types of adipose tissue

A

white fat, brown fat

78
Q

______ functions in protection, insulation and energy storage

A

white fat

79
Q

________ has a rich blood supply and numerous mitochondria important for high rates of aerobic cellular respiration and heat production

A

brown fat

80
Q

______collagen fibers that are regularly arranged in bundles

A

dense regular connective tissue

81
Q

____ contains collagen fibers that have no regular arrangement

A

dense irregular connective tissue

82
Q

_______ contains mostly freely branching elastic fibers

A

elastic connective tissue

83
Q

_____ are mature cartilage cells usually found within lacunae in the matrix

A

chondrocytes

84
Q

a _____(little lake) is a space in which the cell sits

A

lacuna

85
Q

ground substance and fibers make up the ________

A

extracellular matrix

86
Q

Surface of cartilage is covered by dense irregular connective tissue called the ________

A

perichondrium

87
Q

cartilage itself has no blood supply_____ and ______

A

(avascular), no nerve supply

88
Q

______ most abundant,
contains fine (delicate) collagen fibers

A

hyaline cartilage

89
Q

3 types of cartilage

A

elastic, fibrocartilage, hyaline

90
Q

_________also an autoimmune, inflammatory disease, but of connective tissue

A

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE or Lupus)

91
Q

bones are composed of several tissues including ____ or bone tissue

A

osseous

92
Q

bone is classified as _____ (dense) or ____(cancellous)

A

compact, spongy

93
Q

compact bone is surrounded by the _____, which is rich in nerves and blood vessels

A

periosteum

94
Q

The basic unit of compact bone is the ______ or _____

A

Haversian system, osteon

95
Q

Spongy bone is arranged in _____

A

trabeculae

96
Q

Blood has a liquid matrix called ______

A

plasma

97
Q

_____ (cells and cell fragments) are suspended in the plasma

A

formed elements

98
Q

3 types of blood cells

A

erythrocytes
leukocytes
thrombocytes

99
Q

multiple choice fill in the blank name the four types of tissue and a function of each

A

epithelial, muscle, nervous, one more

100
Q

match four types of epithelium to where there located simple squamous(first page of notes package) , ect. Tuesday quiz on pages 1-6 up to sjogren , quiz oct 24th pages 6-11 up to lupis

A
101
Q

elastic fibers are mainly found in what 4 things?

A

skin, blood vessel walls, bladder wall, lung tissue

102
Q

fixed macrophages are found in the ____ while wondering are found in _____

A

lungs, dermis of the skin

AP100 (15 decks)

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