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AP100 > cell structure after test 1 > Flashcards

cell structure after test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

_______involves copying the DNA nucleotide sequence of the gene into a messenger RNA (mRNA) nucleotide sequence

A

transcription

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2
Q

only one strand of the DNA double-helix serves as a template for mRNA synthesis, the ________

A

sense strand

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3
Q

_______ involves nucleotide sequence of mRNA into a sequence of amino acids forming a protein

A

translation

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4
Q

protein synthesis takes place where you find ribosomes ______________

A

free in the cytosol and upon the outer surface of rough ER

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5
Q

amino acids on adjacent tRNA are joined together by ________ to form polypeptides

A

peptide bonds

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6
Q

a _____ is a sequence of nucleotides on a chromosome coding for a particular protein

A

gene

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7
Q

______ are the two copies of a gene which come from father and mother

A

alleles

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8
Q

DNA is transcribed to rna which is translated to ______

A

protein

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9
Q

if the two alleles are the same its called _____

A

homozygous

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10
Q

if the two alleles are different its called _______

A

heterozygous

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11
Q

if you need two mutant or faulty forms of the allele (homozygous) to exhibit the disorder, the disorder is _____

A

recessive

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12
Q

a _____ is a person who has one mutant copy and one normal copy of the gene, but does not have the disease since the normal copy serves the function adequately

A

carrier

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13
Q

if you need only one faulty allele (heterozygous), the disorder is _______

A

dominant

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14
Q

autosomal genetic disorders

A
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15
Q

if the mutant allele is associated with the X-chromosome, it’s called a ________

A

sex-linked disorder

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16
Q

_______ are conditions caused by genetic mutations or alterations in the non-sex chromosomes

A

Autosomal genetic disorders

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17
Q

how many RBC made in a second

A

2 million

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18
Q

how many pairs of chromosomes

A

23 pairs or 46 per cell

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19
Q

______cell division allows multicellular organisms to develop from a single cell (the fertilized egg or zygote

A

growth

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20
Q

cell division is useful for (2)

A

growth, repair or replacement of damaged and dead cells

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21
Q

DNA is packaged as ______ when the cell is dividing

A

chromosomes

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22
Q

DNA appears as a spiralling helix of two polynucleotide strands known as a ___________

A

double helix

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23
Q

thymine pairs with adenine retrieval que

A

apple goes with tree

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24
Q

cytosine pairs with guanine retrieval que

A

car goes with garage

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25
Q

DNA stands for _________

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

26
Q

DNA semi conservative replication

A
27
Q

______base pairs of DNA for a cell to divide

A

3 billion

28
Q

The remaining time between cell divisions is referred to as _____

A

interphase

29
Q

somatic cell division is called ____

A

mitosis

30
Q

sexual cell division is called _____

A

meiosis

31
Q

with both types of cell division, the nuclear envelope disappears and the chromosomes are organized and pulled to opposite poles (ends) of the cell by the _______

A

spindle apparatus

32
Q

note that the division of the cytoplasm in both types of cell division is called _____

A

cytokinesis

33
Q

of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans, there are actually 22 pairs of _____ and 1 pair of ______

A

autosomes, sex chromosomes

34
Q

the _____(sex cells) they produce have a single set of the chromosomes or half the number of chromosomes

A

gametes

35
Q

________ or the precise breakage and reunion of two non-sister chromatids

A

crossing over

36
Q

_____ occurs in sex cells of ovaries or testes

A

meiosis

37
Q

_____ results in 4 non-identical gametes

A

meiosis

38
Q

____ DNA replication

A

mitosis

39
Q

_____ occurs in somatic (body) cells

A

mitosis

40
Q

______ daughter cells identical to parent

A

mitosis

41
Q

________results in two identical daughter cells

A

mitosis

42
Q

The first steps in the breakdown of glucose, called _____

A

glycolysis

43
Q

mitosis is _______ cell division

A

asexual

44
Q

Meiosis is _____ cell division

A

sexual

45
Q

of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans, there are actually 22 pairs of _____ and 1 pair of _______

A

of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans, there are actually 22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes

46
Q

_____ occurs in somatic (body) cells

A

mitosis occurs in somatic (body) cells

47
Q

_____ occurs in sex cells of ovaries or testes

A

meiosis occurs in sex cells of ovaries or testes

48
Q

_____ has one cell division

A

mitosis

49
Q

in _____ chromosome # retained - diploid (2n)

A

mitosis

50
Q

in ____ chromosomes number is halved- haploid

A

meiosis

51
Q

_____ has two cell divisions

A

meiosis

52
Q

The first steps in the breakdown of glucose, called _______, occur in the cytoplasm

A

The first steps in the breakdown of glucose, called glycolysis, occur in the cytoplasm

53
Q

***the _____ system delivers the oxygen to the tissues

A

circulatory

54
Q

Aerobic cellular respiration consumes the two pyruvic acid, takes place in ________

A

Aerobic cellular respiration consumes the two pyruvic acid, takes place in mitochondria

55
Q

______ is the energy currency of living cells

A

ATP is the energy currency of living cells

56
Q

____ ATP molecules are produced, two from glycolysis in the cytoplasm and 34 from the Krebs cycle

A

36 ATP molecules are produced, two from glycolysis in the cytoplasm and 34 from the Krebs cycle

57
Q

in the______the ETC cannot be utilized because the final electron acceptor (oxygen) is absent

A

in the absence of oxygen, the ETC cannot be utilized because the final electron acceptor (oxygen) is absent

58
Q

for every one glucose molecule consumed ______molecules are produced

A

2 ATP

59
Q

Quiz thursday oct 17th

A
60
Q

reticular fibers form the (framework) ____ of many soft organs

A

stroma

AP100 (13 decks)

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