cell structure after test 1 Flashcards
_______involves copying the DNA nucleotide sequence of the gene into a messenger RNA (mRNA) nucleotide sequence
transcription
only one strand of the DNA double-helix serves as a template for mRNA synthesis, the ________
sense strand
_______ involves nucleotide sequence of mRNA into a sequence of amino acids forming a protein
translation
protein synthesis takes place where you find ribosomes ______________
free in the cytosol and upon the outer surface of rough ER
amino acids on adjacent tRNA are joined together by ________ to form polypeptides
peptide bonds
a _____ is a sequence of nucleotides on a chromosome coding for a particular protein
gene
______ are the two copies of a gene which come from father and mother
alleles
DNA is transcribed to rna which is translated to ______
protein
if the two alleles are the same its called _____
homozygous
if the two alleles are different its called _______
heterozygous
if you need two mutant or faulty forms of the allele (homozygous) to exhibit the disorder, the disorder is _____
recessive
a _____ is a person who has one mutant copy and one normal copy of the gene, but does not have the disease since the normal copy serves the function adequately
carrier
if you need only one faulty allele (heterozygous), the disorder is _______
dominant
autosomal genetic disorders
if the mutant allele is associated with the X-chromosome, it’s called a ________
sex-linked disorder
_______ are conditions caused by genetic mutations or alterations in the non-sex chromosomes
Autosomal genetic disorders
how many RBC made in a second
2 million
how many pairs of chromosomes
23 pairs or 46 per cell
______cell division allows multicellular organisms to develop from a single cell (the fertilized egg or zygote
growth
cell division is useful for (2)
growth, repair or replacement of damaged and dead cells
DNA is packaged as ______ when the cell is dividing
chromosomes
DNA appears as a spiralling helix of two polynucleotide strands known as a ___________
double helix
thymine pairs with adenine retrieval que
apple goes with tree
cytosine pairs with guanine retrieval que
car goes with garage
DNA stands for _________
deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA semi conservative replication
______base pairs of DNA for a cell to divide
3 billion
The remaining time between cell divisions is referred to as _____
interphase
somatic cell division is called ____
mitosis
sexual cell division is called _____
meiosis
with both types of cell division, the nuclear envelope disappears and the chromosomes are organized and pulled to opposite poles (ends) of the cell by the _______
spindle apparatus
note that the division of the cytoplasm in both types of cell division is called _____
cytokinesis
of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans, there are actually 22 pairs of _____ and 1 pair of ______
autosomes, sex chromosomes
the _____(sex cells) they produce have a single set of the chromosomes or half the number of chromosomes
gametes
________ or the precise breakage and reunion of two non-sister chromatids
crossing over
_____ occurs in sex cells of ovaries or testes
meiosis
_____ results in 4 non-identical gametes
meiosis
____ DNA replication
mitosis
_____ occurs in somatic (body) cells
mitosis
______ daughter cells identical to parent
mitosis
________results in two identical daughter cells
mitosis
The first steps in the breakdown of glucose, called _____
glycolysis
mitosis is _______ cell division
asexual
Meiosis is _____ cell division
sexual
of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans, there are actually 22 pairs of _____ and 1 pair of _______
of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans, there are actually 22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes
_____ occurs in somatic (body) cells
mitosis occurs in somatic (body) cells
_____ occurs in sex cells of ovaries or testes
meiosis occurs in sex cells of ovaries or testes
_____ has one cell division
mitosis
in _____ chromosome # retained - diploid (2n)
mitosis
in ____ chromosomes number is halved- haploid
meiosis
_____ has two cell divisions
meiosis
The first steps in the breakdown of glucose, called _______, occur in the cytoplasm
The first steps in the breakdown of glucose, called glycolysis, occur in the cytoplasm
***the _____ system delivers the oxygen to the tissues
circulatory
Aerobic cellular respiration consumes the two pyruvic acid, takes place in ________
Aerobic cellular respiration consumes the two pyruvic acid, takes place in mitochondria
______ is the energy currency of living cells
ATP is the energy currency of living cells
____ ATP molecules are produced, two from glycolysis in the cytoplasm and 34 from the Krebs cycle
36 ATP molecules are produced, two from glycolysis in the cytoplasm and 34 from the Krebs cycle
in the______the ETC cannot be utilized because the final electron acceptor (oxygen) is absent
in the absence of oxygen, the ETC cannot be utilized because the final electron acceptor (oxygen) is absent
for every one glucose molecule consumed ______molecules are produced
2 ATP
Quiz thursday oct 17th
reticular fibers form the (framework) ____ of many soft organs
stroma
