Quiz Questions for Exam 1 Flashcards
The role of cholesterol within the cell can best be described as ______.
It helps maintain the fluidity of cell membranes
T or F. The ribosome plays an important role in ATP synthesis.
False
What cellular energy producing process yields pyruvate (aka pyruvic acid)?
glycolysis
What ions are important for neurotransmission?
Na+ and Ca2+
T or F. Microglia are the resident immune cells for the brain.
True
What does sympathetic neurotransmission cause?
- Raises heart rate
- Inhibits peristalsis
- Contracts the sphincter in the urinary bladder
Which of the following amino acids functions as a neurotransmitter?
- Tyrosine
- Tryptophan
- Glutamate
- Aspartic acid
Glutamate functions as a neurotransmitter
Which of the following is NOT a component of the thin filament in skeletal muscle?
- Troponin
- Tropomyosin
- Myosin
- Actin
Myosin is not a component of the thin filament in skeletal muscle.
Ca2+ is important because it:
- Causes release of neurtransmitters into the synapse
- Initiates action potentials in nerves
- Is an important cofactor for DNA synthesis
- Causes the myosin head group to release thin filament
Ca2+ is important because it causes release of neurotransmitters into the synapse.
The _______ node functions as a pacemaker and sets resting heart rate at 100 bpm. This resting heart rate is slowed by the _______.
The ___Sinoatrial____ node functions as a pacemaker and sets resting heart rate at 100 bpm. This resting heart rate is slowed by the ____parasympathetic nervous system___.
ToF. The left ventricle sends blood out of the heart to the whole body.
True.
What is the resting membrane potential of the autorhythmic cells in the heart?
Autorhythmic cells have no resting potential.
Which of the following is the function of the glomerulus:
- It is the primary site of water reabsorption in the kidney
- It is the primary site of blood pH regulation in the kidney
- It is the primary site of blood filtration in the kidney
- It is the primary site of Na+ reabsorption from the urine
The glomerulus is the primary site of blood filtration in the kidney.
ToF. Carbon anhydrase is a critical regulator of blood pH.
True
Countercurrent multiplication is the process by which:
- the kidney regulates blood flow to affect blood pressure
- the kidney concentrates urea for elimination from the body
- the kidney changes tubule permeability to water/ions to concentrate the urine
- None of the above. Countercurrent multiplication occurs in the brain, not the kidney
Countercurrent multiplication is the process by which the kidney changes tubule permeability to water/ions to concentrate the urine.
Tell me about saliva.
- Contains lipase and amylase
- Lubricates food so it can be swallowed
- Production is regulated by the autonomic nervous system
What is produced in the stomach?
Mucus, HCl and pepsin
ToF. Glucose is absorbed from the small intestine by passive diffusion while fructose is absorbed by active transport.
False.
- Glucose - active
- Fructose - passive
Tell me about gut-associated lymphoid tissue.
- Sample the contents of the small intestine
- Regulates the interactions between the host and the gut microbiota
- Is located in the ileum
The sarcoplasmic reticulum sequesters ______ in muscle cells.
Ca2+
The Pancreatic Acinus contains the _______ cells which produce ______.
The Pancreatic Acinus contains the ___Acinar____ cells which produce ___lipase___.
ToF. Alpha-D-glucose is the natural form of glucose.
TRUE
Which of the following is true about hemicellulose?
- It is a glucose homopolymer
- It is an insoluble fiber
- It has alpha linkages between the monomers
- All of the above
Hemicellulose is an insoluble fiber.
The glycemic index:
- Of 50 g glucose is 100
- Is calculated by dividing the AUC of the Glycemic Response curve of a particular food by the AUC of the Glycemic Response curve of 50 g of glucose
- Does not take serving size into account
- All of the above
All of the above
ToF. Amylose is an unbranched glucose homopolymer that is digestible by humans.
True.
Compared to 1900, fiber intake has _____ but intake of total carbs has ______.
Compared to 1900, fiber intake has decreased but intake of total carbs has stayed the same.
Which of the following sugars contains beta linkages and is responsible for the gas-inducing properties of beans:
- Lactose
- Sucrose
- Raffinose
- Dextrose
Raffinose
In the liver, fructose can enter the glycolytic pathway after a main rate limiting step, the conversion of fructose 6-P to fructose 1,6 bis-P by what enzyme?
Phosphofructokinase
ToF. Candy is the major source of added sugars in the diet of US consumers over age 2.
False
The glucose transporters have a _____ Km value which means that this gets glucose when blood glucose levels are _____.
The glucose transporters have a __high___ Km value which means that this gets glucose when blood glucose levels are ___high__.
The ______ phase of the pentose phosphate pathway produces NADPH.
Oxidative
ToF. The stress hormone cortisol enhances the action of insulin.
False.
Which of the following AAs can be used for gluconeogenesis?
- Aspartate
- Alanine
- Glutamate
- All of the above
All of the above
Whole grains include ________ of the intact seed at the levels found in the seed.
Whole grains include ____all of the components____ of the intact seed at the levels found in the seed.
ToF. Eating a fat-free diet can cause fatty liver disease in humans.
True.
Which of the following two FAs are essential?
Linoleic and linolenic
Which of the following is true about de novo lipogenesis:
- Acetyl CoA and Malonyl CoA are the starting materials
- Palmitic acid is the product
- It cannot be used to produce arachidonic acid
- All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following is higher in saturated fat:
- butter
- lard
- coconut oil
- peanut oil
Lard
ToF. Prostaglandins are FA derivatives involved in inflammation.
True
In order to get the greatest health benefits, consumers should do which of the following:
- Consumer high amounts of both omega-3s and omega-6s
- Replace sources of trans fats in teh diet with poly- and monounsaturated fats
- Replace saturated fat in the diet with refined carbs
- Replace trans fats in the diet with saturated fats
Replace sources of trans fats in teh diet with poly- and monounsaturated fats
