Quiz Questions for Exam 1

Question 1

The role of cholesterol within the cell can best be described as ______.

Answer 1

It helps maintain the fluidity of cell membranes

Question 2

T or F. The ribosome plays an important role in ATP synthesis.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

What cellular energy producing process yields pyruvate (aka pyruvic acid)?

Answer 3

glycolysis

Question 4

What ions are important for neurotransmission?

Answer 4

Na+ and Ca2+

Question 5

T or F. Microglia are the resident immune cells for the brain.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

What does sympathetic neurotransmission cause?

Answer 6

• Raises heart rate
• Inhibits peristalsis
• Contracts the sphincter in the urinary bladder

Question 7

Which of the following amino acids functions as a neurotransmitter?

• Tyrosine
• Tryptophan
• Glutamate
• Aspartic acid

Answer 7

Glutamate functions as a neurotransmitter

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a component of the thin filament in skeletal muscle?

• Troponin
• Tropomyosin
• Myosin
• Actin

Answer 8

Myosin is not a component of the thin filament in skeletal muscle.

Question 9

Ca2+ is important because it:

• Causes release of neurtransmitters into the synapse
• Initiates action potentials in nerves
• Is an important cofactor for DNA synthesis
• Causes the myosin head group to release thin filament

Answer 9

Ca2+ is important because it causes release of neurotransmitters into the synapse.

Question 10

The _______ node functions as a pacemaker and sets resting heart rate at 100 bpm. This resting heart rate is slowed by the _______.

Answer 10

The ___Sinoatrial____ node functions as a pacemaker and sets resting heart rate at 100 bpm. This resting heart rate is slowed by the ____parasympathetic nervous system___.

Question 11

ToF. The left ventricle sends blood out of the heart to the whole body.

Answer 11

True.

Question 12

What is the resting membrane potential of the autorhythmic cells in the heart?

Answer 12

Autorhythmic cells have no resting potential.

Question 13

Which of the following is the function of the glomerulus:

• It is the primary site of water reabsorption in the kidney
• It is the primary site of blood pH regulation in the kidney
• It is the primary site of blood filtration in the kidney
• It is the primary site of Na+ reabsorption from the urine

Answer 13

The glomerulus is the primary site of blood filtration in the kidney.

Question 14

ToF. Carbon anhydrase is a critical regulator of blood pH.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Countercurrent multiplication is the process by which:

• the kidney regulates blood flow to affect blood pressure
• the kidney concentrates urea for elimination from the body
• the kidney changes tubule permeability to water/ions to concentrate the urine
• None of the above. Countercurrent multiplication occurs in the brain, not the kidney

Answer 15

Countercurrent multiplication is the process by which the kidney changes tubule permeability to water/ions to concentrate the urine.

Question 16

Tell me about saliva.

Answer 16

• Contains lipase and amylase
• Lubricates food so it can be swallowed
• Production is regulated by the autonomic nervous system

Question 17

What is produced in the stomach?

Answer 17

Mucus, HCl and pepsin

Question 18

ToF. Glucose is absorbed from the small intestine by passive diffusion while fructose is absorbed by active transport.

Answer 18

False.

• Glucose - active
• Fructose - passive

Question 19

Tell me about gut-associated lymphoid tissue.

Answer 19

• Sample the contents of the small intestine
• Regulates the interactions between the host and the gut microbiota
• Is located in the ileum

Question 20

The sarcoplasmic reticulum sequesters ______ in muscle cells.

Answer 20

Ca2+

Question 21

The Pancreatic Acinus contains the _______ cells which produce ______.

Answer 21

The Pancreatic Acinus contains the ___Acinar____ cells which produce ___lipase___.

Question 22

ToF. Alpha-D-glucose is the natural form of glucose.

Answer 22

TRUE

Question 23

Which of the following is true about hemicellulose?

• It is a glucose homopolymer
• It is an insoluble fiber
• It has alpha linkages between the monomers
• All of the above

Answer 23

Hemicellulose is an insoluble fiber.

Question 24

The glycemic index:

• Of 50 g glucose is 100
• Is calculated by dividing the AUC of the Glycemic Response curve of a particular food by the AUC of the Glycemic Response curve of 50 g of glucose
• Does not take serving size into account
• All of the above

Answer 24

All of the above

Question 25

ToF. Amylose is an unbranched glucose homopolymer that is digestible by humans.

Answer 25

True.

Question 26

Compared to 1900, fiber intake has _____ but intake of total carbs has ______.

Answer 26

Compared to 1900, fiber intake has decreased but intake of total carbs has stayed the same.

Question 27

Which of the following sugars contains beta linkages and is responsible for the gas-inducing properties of beans: - Lactose - Sucrose - Raffinose - Dextrose

Answer 27

Raffinose

Question 28

In the liver, fructose can enter the glycolytic pathway after a main rate limiting step, the conversion of fructose 6-P to fructose 1,6 bis-P by what enzyme?

Answer 28

Phosphofructokinase

Question 29

ToF. Candy is the major source of added sugars in the diet of US consumers over age 2.

Answer 29

False

Question 30

The glucose transporters have a _____ Km value which means that this gets glucose when blood glucose levels are _____.

Answer 30

The glucose transporters have a __high___ Km value which means that this gets glucose when blood glucose levels are ___high__.

Question 31

The ______ phase of the pentose phosphate pathway produces NADPH.

Answer 31

Oxidative

Question 32

ToF. The stress hormone cortisol enhances the action of insulin.

Answer 32

False.

Question 33

Which of the following AAs can be used for gluconeogenesis? - Aspartate - Alanine - Glutamate - All of the above

Answer 33

All of the above

Question 34

Whole grains include ________ of the intact seed at the levels found in the seed.

Answer 34

Whole grains include ____all of the components____ of the intact seed at the levels found in the seed.

Question 35

ToF. Eating a fat-free diet can cause fatty liver disease in humans.

Answer 35

True.

Question 36

Which of the following two FAs are essential?

Answer 36

Linoleic and linolenic

Question 37

Which of the following is true about de novo lipogenesis: - Acetyl CoA and Malonyl CoA are the starting materials - Palmitic acid is the product - It cannot be used to produce arachidonic acid - All of the above

Answer 37

All of the above

Question 38

Which of the following is higher in saturated fat: - butter - lard - coconut oil - peanut oil

Answer 38

Lard

Question 39

ToF. Prostaglandins are FA derivatives involved in inflammation.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

In order to get the greatest health benefits, consumers should do which of the following: - Consumer high amounts of both omega-3s and omega-6s - Replace sources of trans fats in teh diet with poly- and monounsaturated fats - Replace saturated fat in the diet with refined carbs - Replace trans fats in the diet with saturated fats

Answer 40

Replace sources of trans fats in teh diet with poly- and monounsaturated fats