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Physiology of Nutrition > Quiz Questions for Exam 1 > Flashcards

Quiz Questions for Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The role of cholesterol within the cell can best be described as ______.

A

It helps maintain the fluidity of cell membranes

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2
Q

T or F. The ribosome plays an important role in ATP synthesis.

A

False

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3
Q

What cellular energy producing process yields pyruvate (aka pyruvic acid)?

A

glycolysis

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4
Q

What ions are important for neurotransmission?

A

Na+ and Ca2+

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5
Q

T or F. Microglia are the resident immune cells for the brain.

A

True

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6
Q

What does sympathetic neurotransmission cause?

A
  • Raises heart rate
  • Inhibits peristalsis
  • Contracts the sphincter in the urinary bladder
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7
Q

Which of the following amino acids functions as a neurotransmitter?

  • Tyrosine
  • Tryptophan
  • Glutamate
  • Aspartic acid
A

Glutamate functions as a neurotransmitter

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8
Q

Which of the following is NOT a component of the thin filament in skeletal muscle?

  • Troponin
  • Tropomyosin
  • Myosin
  • Actin
A

Myosin is not a component of the thin filament in skeletal muscle.

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9
Q

Ca2+ is important because it:

  • Causes release of neurtransmitters into the synapse
  • Initiates action potentials in nerves
  • Is an important cofactor for DNA synthesis
  • Causes the myosin head group to release thin filament
A

Ca2+ is important because it causes release of neurotransmitters into the synapse.

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10
Q

The _______ node functions as a pacemaker and sets resting heart rate at 100 bpm. This resting heart rate is slowed by the _______.

A

The ___Sinoatrial____ node functions as a pacemaker and sets resting heart rate at 100 bpm. This resting heart rate is slowed by the ____parasympathetic nervous system___.

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11
Q

ToF. The left ventricle sends blood out of the heart to the whole body.

A

True.

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12
Q

What is the resting membrane potential of the autorhythmic cells in the heart?

A

Autorhythmic cells have no resting potential.

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13
Q

Which of the following is the function of the glomerulus:

  • It is the primary site of water reabsorption in the kidney
  • It is the primary site of blood pH regulation in the kidney
  • It is the primary site of blood filtration in the kidney
  • It is the primary site of Na+ reabsorption from the urine
A

The glomerulus is the primary site of blood filtration in the kidney.

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14
Q

ToF. Carbon anhydrase is a critical regulator of blood pH.

A

True

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15
Q

Countercurrent multiplication is the process by which:

  • the kidney regulates blood flow to affect blood pressure
  • the kidney concentrates urea for elimination from the body
  • the kidney changes tubule permeability to water/ions to concentrate the urine
  • None of the above. Countercurrent multiplication occurs in the brain, not the kidney
A

Countercurrent multiplication is the process by which the kidney changes tubule permeability to water/ions to concentrate the urine.

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16
Q

Tell me about saliva.

A
  • Contains lipase and amylase
  • Lubricates food so it can be swallowed
  • Production is regulated by the autonomic nervous system
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17
Q

What is produced in the stomach?

A

Mucus, HCl and pepsin

18
Q

ToF. Glucose is absorbed from the small intestine by passive diffusion while fructose is absorbed by active transport.

A

False.

  • Glucose - active
  • Fructose - passive
19
Q

Tell me about gut-associated lymphoid tissue.

A
  • Sample the contents of the small intestine
  • Regulates the interactions between the host and the gut microbiota
  • Is located in the ileum
20
Q

The sarcoplasmic reticulum sequesters ______ in muscle cells.

A

Ca2+

21
Q

The Pancreatic Acinus contains the _______ cells which produce ______.

A

The Pancreatic Acinus contains the ___Acinar____ cells which produce ___lipase___.

22
Q

ToF. Alpha-D-glucose is the natural form of glucose.

A

TRUE

23
Q

Which of the following is true about hemicellulose?

  • It is a glucose homopolymer
  • It is an insoluble fiber
  • It has alpha linkages between the monomers
  • All of the above
A

Hemicellulose is an insoluble fiber.

24
Q

The glycemic index:

  • Of 50 g glucose is 100
  • Is calculated by dividing the AUC of the Glycemic Response curve of a particular food by the AUC of the Glycemic Response curve of 50 g of glucose
  • Does not take serving size into account
  • All of the above
A

All of the above

25
Q

ToF. Amylose is an unbranched glucose homopolymer that is digestible by humans.

A

True.

26
Q

Compared to 1900, fiber intake has _____ but intake of total carbs has ______.

A

Compared to 1900, fiber intake has decreased but intake of total carbs has stayed the same.

27
Q

Which of the following sugars contains beta linkages and is responsible for the gas-inducing properties of beans:

  • Lactose
  • Sucrose
  • Raffinose
  • Dextrose
A

Raffinose

28
Q

In the liver, fructose can enter the glycolytic pathway after a main rate limiting step, the conversion of fructose 6-P to fructose 1,6 bis-P by what enzyme?

A

Phosphofructokinase

29
Q

ToF. Candy is the major source of added sugars in the diet of US consumers over age 2.

A

False

30
Q

The glucose transporters have a _____ Km value which means that this gets glucose when blood glucose levels are _____.

A

The glucose transporters have a __high___ Km value which means that this gets glucose when blood glucose levels are ___high__.

31
Q

The ______ phase of the pentose phosphate pathway produces NADPH.

A

Oxidative

32
Q

ToF. The stress hormone cortisol enhances the action of insulin.

A

False.

33
Q

Which of the following AAs can be used for gluconeogenesis?

  • Aspartate
  • Alanine
  • Glutamate
  • All of the above
A

All of the above

34
Q

Whole grains include ________ of the intact seed at the levels found in the seed.

A

Whole grains include ____all of the components____ of the intact seed at the levels found in the seed.

35
Q

ToF. Eating a fat-free diet can cause fatty liver disease in humans.

A

True.

36
Q

Which of the following two FAs are essential?

A

Linoleic and linolenic

37
Q

Which of the following is true about de novo lipogenesis:

  • Acetyl CoA and Malonyl CoA are the starting materials
  • Palmitic acid is the product
  • It cannot be used to produce arachidonic acid
  • All of the above
A

All of the above

38
Q

Which of the following is higher in saturated fat:

  • butter
  • lard
  • coconut oil
  • peanut oil
A

Lard

39
Q

ToF. Prostaglandins are FA derivatives involved in inflammation.

A

True

40
Q

In order to get the greatest health benefits, consumers should do which of the following:

  • Consumer high amounts of both omega-3s and omega-6s
  • Replace sources of trans fats in teh diet with poly- and monounsaturated fats
  • Replace saturated fat in the diet with refined carbs
  • Replace trans fats in the diet with saturated fats
A

Replace sources of trans fats in teh diet with poly- and monounsaturated fats

Physiology of Nutrition (20 decks)

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