Carbohydrate Digestion Flashcards
How does lactose intolerance develop with age?
Intolerance increases as we get older.
What happens to undigested lactose?
Undigested lactose is fermented in the colon.
What are enterocytes?
epithelial cells that line the small intestine
What transporter moves fructose from intestinal lumen to enterocyte?
GLUT5
Why do neurons use GLUT3 which has a low Km?
The brain tries to suck up as much glucose as possible. The low Km suggests a HIGH glucose affinity.
Where is GLUT4 found and what are its characteristics?
- Found in various types of muscle and adipose tissue
- Insulin sensitive
- Helps transport from inside of cell to plasma membrane
What is the equation for glycemic load?
Glycemic load =
(glycemic index)*(digestible carbs per serving)/100
T or F: Alpha cells are used to make glucagon to increase blood glucose.
True.
How do beta cells decrease blood glucose?
Beta cells make insulin.
What does insulin increase?
Insulin increases:
- Glycolysis
- Glycogen synthesis
- Fatty acid synthesis
What does insulin inhibit?
Insulin inhibits:
- Glycogenolysis
- Gluconeogenesis
- FA oxidation
With glucagon, cAMP inhibits and increase what?
cAMP inhibits: - Glycogen - Fatty acid synthesis cAMP increases: - Glycogenolysis - Gluconeogenesis
With glucagon, hormone-sensitive lipase increases what?
Increases fatty acid oxidation
