Quiz Questions Flashcards
What is the leading cause of death in women ages 25-30 y/o?
Melanoma
What blood test is used to diagnose ovarian cancer?
CA-125 assay
What tube is surrounded by the prostate?
urethra
What are the four places that cancers metastasize to?
Brain, bone, lungs, and liver
What is the most common cancer in men ages 15-35 y/o?
Testicular cancer
What is the 5 year survival rate for stage III testicular cancer?
74%
In what structures to the fewest numbers of breast cancers form?
Lobules
What is the most common childhood cancer?
ALL (acute lymphoblastic leukemia)
The presence of what type of cell defines Hodgkins lymphoma?
Reed-Sternberg cells
Which type of cancer has an Ig/Myc translocation?
Burkitt’s Lymphoma
What is the most common form of adult leukemia?
AML (Acute Myeloid Leukemia)
Which form of adult leukemia has the highest mortality rate?
AML (Acute Myeloid Leukemia)
What drug targeted the BCR-ABL fusion in CML?
Gleevec
What is the condition where you don’t have enough platelets?
Thrombocytopenia
What is the most common type of ALL in adults?
B cell type (75%)
What is the targeted chemotherapy that makes microbtubules too long, causing chromosome damage and cell death?
Taxanes
Which cancer is associated with the gene fusion BCR-ABL1?
CML
What is another name for the BCR-ABL1 gene fusion? What does the fusion result in?
Philadelphia chromosome; a tyrosine kinase protein that is “always on,” causing cells to divide uncontrollably.
What is the most deadly childhood cancer?
Brain cancer
What is the most deadly cancer?
Lung cancer
Which cancer contains the Sonic hedgehog pathway?
Medulloblastoma
Which known genetic pathway is in Medulloblastoma?
Sonic hedgehog pathway
For which cancer did the NCI “gang of five” come up with combination therapy to treat?
Hodgkin lymphoma
What is the lifespan for a lymphocyte?
200 days
What is the life span of lymphoblasts and myeloblasts?
Less than a week
What single cancer has the highest incidence?
Breast cancer
What is the targeted therapy that works by making microtubules too short and thereby preventing chromosome separation?
Alkaloids
What chemotherapy was discovered by Rosenberg accidentally in the 1980s?
Cisplatin
From which cells do leukemias originate?
myeloblasts or lymphoblasts in bone marrow
From which cells do lymphomas originate?
B and T cells in lymph nodes
True or false: Risk of breast cancer increases with increasing breast density and greater breast density makes cancer harder to detect and treat.
True; more connective tissue and more fibroblasts allow for more cells and, therefore, more tumor
In addition to lumpectomy, what is the key treatment for ER+ breast cancer?
Estrogen deprivation therapy (aromatase inhibitors or oophorectomy).
What is the second leading cause of death in men ages 20-39?
Brain cancer
What does 5-FU (Fluorouracil) inhibit?
TMP (this screws up the synthesis of nucleotides)
What does methotrexate (MTX) inhibit?
DHFR (this screws up the synthesis of nucleotides)
What was the treatment protocol that the Gang of Five came up with?
MOPP
What does cisplatin affect?
DNA replication (screws it up)
Where do small molecule inhibitors work?
Inside the cell
Where do monoclonal antibodies work?
outside the cell (cell surface)
Which tubulin drug works by preventing microtubule assembly (making microtubules too short)?
Alkaloids
Which tubulin drug works by preventing microtubule disassembly (making microtubules too long)?
Taxanes
Which cancer has the highest percentage of cancer diagnoses while the cancer is still local?
Skin cancer
What characterizes the standard risk group for ALL?
1) 0-10 y/o
2) > 50,000 WBCs/uL
3) B-cell origin
What characterizes the high risk group for ALL?
1) older than 10 y/o
2) > 50,000 WBCs/uL
3) + CSF
4) Relapse
5) Some B and T cell origin
