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Cancer Biology: Exam 2 > Quiz Questions > Flashcards

Quiz Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the leading cause of death in women ages 25-30 y/o?

A

Melanoma

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2
Q

What blood test is used to diagnose ovarian cancer?

A

CA-125 assay

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3
Q

What tube is surrounded by the prostate?

A

urethra

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4
Q

What are the four places that cancers metastasize to?

A

Brain, bone, lungs, and liver

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5
Q

What is the most common cancer in men ages 15-35 y/o?

A

Testicular cancer

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6
Q

What is the 5 year survival rate for stage III testicular cancer?

A

74%

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7
Q

In what structures to the fewest numbers of breast cancers form?

A

Lobules

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8
Q

What is the most common childhood cancer?

A

ALL (acute lymphoblastic leukemia)

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9
Q

The presence of what type of cell defines Hodgkins lymphoma?

A

Reed-Sternberg cells

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10
Q

Which type of cancer has an Ig/Myc translocation?

A

Burkitt’s Lymphoma

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11
Q

What is the most common form of adult leukemia?

A

AML (Acute Myeloid Leukemia)

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12
Q

Which form of adult leukemia has the highest mortality rate?

A

AML (Acute Myeloid Leukemia)

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13
Q

What drug targeted the BCR-ABL fusion in CML?

A

Gleevec

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14
Q

What is the condition where you don’t have enough platelets?

A

Thrombocytopenia

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15
Q

What is the most common type of ALL in adults?

A

B cell type (75%)

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16
Q

What is the targeted chemotherapy that makes microbtubules too long, causing chromosome damage and cell death?

A

Taxanes

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17
Q

Which cancer is associated with the gene fusion BCR-ABL1?

A

CML

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18
Q

What is another name for the BCR-ABL1 gene fusion? What does the fusion result in?

A

Philadelphia chromosome; a tyrosine kinase protein that is “always on,” causing cells to divide uncontrollably.

19
Q

What is the most deadly childhood cancer?

A

Brain cancer

20
Q

What is the most deadly cancer?

A

Lung cancer

21
Q

Which cancer contains the Sonic hedgehog pathway?

A

Medulloblastoma

22
Q

Which known genetic pathway is in Medulloblastoma?

A

Sonic hedgehog pathway

23
Q

For which cancer did the NCI “gang of five” come up with combination therapy to treat?

A

Hodgkin lymphoma

24
Q

What is the lifespan for a lymphocyte?

A

200 days

25
Q

What is the life span of lymphoblasts and myeloblasts?

A

Less than a week

26
Q

What single cancer has the highest incidence?

A

Breast cancer

27
Q

What is the targeted therapy that works by making microtubules too short and thereby preventing chromosome separation?

A

Alkaloids

28
Q

What chemotherapy was discovered by Rosenberg accidentally in the 1980s?

A

Cisplatin

29
Q

From which cells do leukemias originate?

A

myeloblasts or lymphoblasts in bone marrow

30
Q

From which cells do lymphomas originate?

A

B and T cells in lymph nodes

31
Q

True or false: Risk of breast cancer increases with increasing breast density and greater breast density makes cancer harder to detect and treat.

A

True; more connective tissue and more fibroblasts allow for more cells and, therefore, more tumor

32
Q

In addition to lumpectomy, what is the key treatment for ER+ breast cancer?

A

Estrogen deprivation therapy (aromatase inhibitors or oophorectomy).

33
Q

What is the second leading cause of death in men ages 20-39?

A

Brain cancer

34
Q

What does 5-FU (Fluorouracil) inhibit?

A

TMP (this screws up the synthesis of nucleotides)

35
Q

What does methotrexate (MTX) inhibit?

A

DHFR (this screws up the synthesis of nucleotides)

36
Q

What was the treatment protocol that the Gang of Five came up with?

A

MOPP

37
Q

What does cisplatin affect?

A

DNA replication (screws it up)

38
Q

Where do small molecule inhibitors work?

A

Inside the cell

39
Q

Where do monoclonal antibodies work?

A

outside the cell (cell surface)

40
Q

Which tubulin drug works by preventing microtubule assembly (making microtubules too short)?

A

Alkaloids

41
Q

Which tubulin drug works by preventing microtubule disassembly (making microtubules too long)?

A

Taxanes

42
Q

Which cancer has the highest percentage of cancer diagnoses while the cancer is still local?

A

Skin cancer

43
Q

What characterizes the standard risk group for ALL?

A

1) 0-10 y/o
2) > 50,000 WBCs/uL
3) B-cell origin

44
Q

What characterizes the high risk group for ALL?

A

1) older than 10 y/o
2) > 50,000 WBCs/uL
3) + CSF
4) Relapse
5) Some B and T cell origin

Cancer Biology: Exam 2 (47 decks)

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