Non-Targeted Chemotherapies Flashcards
What types of molecules were the first non-targeting chemotherapies?
DNA synthesis analogues
Who first used chemotherapy in an adjuvant setting?
Emil Frei
Which types of chemotherapy affect DNA alkylation and DNA cross-linking (thereby screwing up DNA)?
Alkylating agents
Which chemotherapy affects DNA adducts and cross-links?
Cisplatin
Which type of chemotherapies disrupt microtubules with mitotic arrest?
Vinca Alkaloids
How does Cisplain work?
Like alkylating agents, it causes cross-links in DNA; unlike alkylating agents, it uses ions instead of methyl groups.
What was the first chemotherapy that was discovered by use of mustard gas in warfare? How does it work?
Cyclophosphomide; Nitrogen uses ions to cross-react with DNA.
True or false: Cyclophosphomide is a neurotoxin and is no longer used.
False; it is not a neurotoxin and is still used to this day.
What are two antifolates that we still use?
1) Fluorouracil
2) Methotrexate
How do methotrexate and fluoouracil work?
Screw up the synthesis of nucleotides.
Who came up with the MOPP regimen?
NCI Gang of Five
What disease was the MOPP regimen successful in treating?
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Who were the first to use multiple chemotherapies?
NCI Gang of Five
Who discovered cisplatin?
Barnett Rosenberg
Why do we no longer just use MOPP?
Because of cisplatin discovery
Which type of drugs makes microtubules too short, preventing microtubule assembly and, therefore, chromosome separation?
Vinca alkaloids
Which type of drub makes microtubules too long, preventing microtubule disassembly?
Taxanes
Which types of drugs relax DNA by creating small nicks in DNA?
Topoisomerase Inhibitors (I and II)
What class of drugs are Irinotecan and topotecan?
Topoisomerase I inhibitors
What class of drugs are Etoposide and Doxorubicin?
Topoisomerase II inhibitors
