Cervical Cancer

Question 1

What does CIN stand for?

Answer 1

Central Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Question 2

What is the yearly incidence of cervical cancer?

Answer 2

13,000

Question 3

What is the mortality rate of cervical cancer?

Answer 3

4000 per year

Question 4

What percentage of women with cervical cancer are under 30 y/o?

Answer 4

15%

Question 5

What are 80-90% of cervical cancers caused by?

Answer 5

HPV infection

Question 6

What are the risk factors for cervical cancer (in order of importance)?

Answer 6

1) HPV
2) Family history
3) Smoking
4) Douching

Question 7

Why is family history a risk factor?

Answer 7

Perhaps due to amount of mucous secreted that covers the cervix (not due to genetic cancer-causing mutations)

Question 8

Why is douching a risk factor?

Answer 8

It removes mucous that covers and protects the surface of the cervix

Question 9

What two proteins are made by HPV that get rid of p53 and Rb?

Answer 9

E6 and E7

Question 10

Why has incidence of HPV decreased?

Answer 10

HPV vaccination

Question 11

What is the #1 reason for the 50% drop in mortality rate of cervical cancer?

Answer 11

PAP smears (good at IDing early stage cervical cancer)

Question 12

Cells growing too fast

Answer 12

hyperplasia

Question 13

Abnormal cells

Answer 13

dysplasia

Question 14

How are PAP smears read?

Answer 14

Pathologists look for hyperplasia and dysplasia (dysplasia is hard to determine)

Question 15

What are the surgical options for cervical cancer?

Answer 15

1) Hysterectomy: remove uterus and cervix
2) Conization: take a cone of cells from the cervix
3) LEEP: cauterizing loop that scrapes the cervix
4) Cryosurgery for benign lesions: if hyperplasia or dysplasia is found on a PAP smear.

Question 16

Which surgical procedure is used if hyperplasia or dysplasia is found on benign lesions?

Answer 16

Cryosurgery

Question 17

What is the surgical procedure that uses a cauterizing loop to scrape the cervix?

Answer 17

LEEP

Question 18

Which surgical procedure takes a cone of cells from the cervix?

Answer 18

Conization

Question 19

What does LSIL stand for?

Answer 19

Low Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions

Question 20

What does HSIL stand for?

Answer 20

High Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions

Question 21

What are the four types of progressive cell changes?

Answer 21

1) Normal
2) LSIL (Low Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions)
3) HSIL (High Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions)
4) Cervical Cancer

Question 22

Cervical cancer that is local and <3mm; survival rate?

Answer 22

Stage IA; 90%

Question 23

Cervical cancer that is local, less than 4 cm, and bulky; survival rate?

Answer 23

Stage 1B; 80%

Question 24

Cervical cancer that is local, but has spread outside of the cervix into the vagina. Survival rate?

Answer 24

Stage 2A: 63%

Question 25

Cervical cancer that is local, but has spread outside of the cervix into the parametrium; survival rate?

Answer 25

Stage 2B; 60%

Question 26

Cervical cancer that has reached the side walls of the pelvis and kidney (no longer local); survival rate?

Answer 26

Stage 3; 30%

Question 27

Cervical cancer that has spread to the pelvis, bladder, and rectum; survival rate?

Answer 27

Stage 4A; 15%

Question 28

Cervical cancer that has spread beyond the pelvis; survival rate?

Answer 28

Stage 4B; 0%

Question 29

What is the survival rate for stage 4B cervical cancer?

Answer 29

0%