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KSUCPM LE > QUIZ I PART II > Flashcards

QUIZ I PART II Flashcards

1
Q
  • usually have greater length than width
  • found in the limbs
  • slight posterior/plantar concavity (curvature) in the lower limb for strength
    ex. Femur, tibia, fibula, metatarsal bones, phalanges
A

Long Bones

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2
Q
  • the central tubular part

- primarily compact bone

A

Diaphysis/Shaft/Body

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3
Q
  • the hollow core in the diaphysis

- contains bone marrow

A

Medullary Cavity

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4
Q
  • the ends of the bone
  • core of cancellous bone with a thin covering of compact bone, areas of articulation are covered with cartilage
  • epiphysis is singular
A

Epiphyses

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5
Q
  • (Epiphyseal Plate / Growth Plate)
  • joins epiphysis to metaphysis
  • physis is singular
A

Physes

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6
Q
  • flared part between the diaphysis and the epiphyses
  • core of cancellous bone with a thin covering of compact bone
  • location where bone accumulates thereby increasing the length of the bone
  • metaphysis is singular
A

Metaphyses

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7
Q
  • roughly cube-shaped
  • found only in the carpus and tarsus
  • core of cancellous bone with a thin covering of compact bone
    ex. cuboid and cuneiforms
A

Short Bones

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8
Q
  • complex shapes with varying amounts of cancellous and compact bone
    ex. vertebrae and facial bones
A

Irregular Bones

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9
Q
  • two parallel plates of compact bone with a minute amount of Cancellous bone between the two plates
    ex. ribs and skull
A

Flat Bones

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10
Q
  • round or oval bones located within tendons or joint capsules
  • functions:
    1. protect the tendon from wear
    2. create a mechanical advantage for the muscle by changing the angle
    of the pull and altering the muscle action
    ex. patella - largest sesamoid in the body,
    and the sesamoids of the first metatarsal bone
A

Sesamoid Bones

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11
Q
  • small bones with smooth regular edges
  • may be a non-fused portion of an existing bone or an extra bone
  • may be located within joint capsules ex. os intermetatarseum (between the metatarsal bases) and os supratalare
  • many in the foot
A

Accessory Bones / Accessory Ossicles

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12
Q
  • an opening (hole) for the passage of vessels

and nerves ex. nutrient foramen, sacral foramina

A

Foramen (foramina)

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13
Q
  • a ditch-like furrow for the passage of soft tissue structures
    ex. obturator groove, lateral malleolar sulcus
A

Sulcus, Groove (sulci)

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14
Q
  • a depression in or on a bone

ex. iliac fossa, lateral malleolar fossa

A

Fossa (fossae)

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15
Q
  • an indentation along the edge of a bone

ex. greater sciatic notch

A

Notch

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16
Q
  • a large rounded or depressed articular prominence

ex. medial femoral condyle

A

Condyle

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17
Q
  • a small prominence superior to a condyle

ex. medial epicondyle of the femur

A

Epicondyle

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18
Q
  • a small rounded prominence for the attachment of soft tissue structures
    ex. adductor tubercle of the femur
A

Tubercle

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19
Q
  • a large rounded prominence, often roughened for the attachment of soft tissue structures
    ex. tibial tuberosity
A

Tuberosity

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20
Q
  • a large blunt process only on the femur

ex. greater trochanter

A

Trochanter

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21
Q
  • a prominent border or ridge

ex. median sacral crest

A

Crest

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22
Q
  • a ridge, much less prominent than a crest ex. soleal line of the tibia
A

Line, Ridge

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23
Q
  • all lower extremity bones begin as cartilage except the tufts (distal ends) of the distal phalanges
  • the tuberosity of the distal phalanges ossify through a process called intramembranous ossification
  • the ossification process from cartilage to bone is called endochondral bone formation or intracartilaginous ossification
A

Ossification

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24
Q
  • the tuberosity of the distal phalanges ossify through a process called
A

intramembranous ossification

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25
Q
  • the ossification process from cartilage to bone is called
A

endochondral bone formation or intracartilaginous ossification

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26
Q
  • at midshaft of the bone
  • Primary ossification centers of all of the lower limb long bones are present at birth.
  • forms the major part of the diaphysis
A

Primary Ossification Center of the long bones

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27
Q
  • in the extremities (ends)
  • may be present at birth
  • one or more for each extremity
  • form the epiphyses
A

Secondary Ossification Centers of the long bones

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28
Q
  • area of cartilage between the diaphysis and the epiphyses
  • allows for length-wise growth of bone
  • form the metaphyses and part of the diaphysis
A

Epiphyseal Plate/Physis of the long bones

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29
Q
  • in the bone’s center
  • The center of ossification of some short bones is present at birth.
  • most only have one center of ossification
  • the calcaneus is an exception
  • secondary center of ossification is located posteriorly and is called
    the calcaneal apophysis
A

center of ossification for the short bone

30
Q

where is the secondary center of ossification for the calcaneus?

A

its located posteriorly and called the calcaneal apophysis

31
Q
  • The appearance of the centers of ossification of the short bones of the foot can be used to determine a child’s age radiographically. Using the bones of the hand is more accurate as there is less variability in the age of appearance of the centers of ossification of the manual short bones.
A

Determination of Age

32
Q

the study of muscles

33
Q
  • connective tissue continuation of the muscle - connects muscle to bone
34
Q

what is the tendon comprised of?

A

tendon sheath

watershed area

35
Q

what is the tendon sheath comprised of?

A

paratenon

mesotendon

36
Q

what’s so special about the mesotendon? what’s its function?

A

vincula

areas for passage for vessels that nourish the tendon

37
Q

what are associated structures of the muscle?

A

tendon
aponeurosis
bursa

38
Q
  • on tendons that do not have tendon sheaths
  • the area of a tendon where there is the greatest potential of
    injury due to a lack of blood supply
  • tendons without sheaths receive blood from the bone to which it
    attaches and from the muscle, majority from muscle
  • this creates an area where the two sources meet at the watershed
A

Watershed Area

39
Q
  • flat connective tissue sheet
  • attaches muscle to muscle, muscle to bone or muscle to skin
    ex. plantar aponeurosis/plantar fascia
A

Aponeurosis

40
Q
  • a fluid-filled sac that decreases friction between 2 structures; ligament and bone, ligament and ligament, muscle and
    bone, tendon and tendon, bone and skin
41
Q
  • located just beneath the skin and develops as a result of abnormal friction ex. over a hallux valgus deformity (bunion)
A

Adventitious Bursa

42
Q

name the muscle type:

heart muscle tissue

A

Cardiac Muscle

43
Q

name the muscle type:

muscle of viscera

A

Non-striated Muscle / Smooth Muscle

44
Q

name the muscle type:

voluntary muscle
also called striated muscle

A

Skeletal Muscle

45
Q

name this part of the skeletal muscle:

contractile part of a skeletal muscle
- actual muscle tissue

46
Q

name this part of the skeletal muscle:

the functional stable attachment that does not move
- the proximal attachment from an anatomic view (and in this course)

47
Q

name this part of the skeletal muscle:

the functional mobile attachment
- the distal attachment from an anatomic view (and in this course)

48
Q

name this direction of the fiber with respect to midline:

parallel to midline
ex. rectus femoris muscle and rectus abdominis muscles

49
Q

name this direction of the fiber with respect to midline:

perpendicular to midline
ex. transversus abdominis muscle and transverse head of adductor hallucis muscle

A

Transverse

50
Q

name this direction of the fiber with respect to midline:

angle less than perpendicular tothe midline ex. oblique head of adductor hallucis muscle and internal oblique muscle (of abdomen)

51
Q

how do we name muscles? what are is the naming nomenclature based off?

A 
direction of fibers
location
size 
number of origins
shape
origin/insertion
action/function
52
Q

term for naming size of muscle?

largest
ex. gluteus maximus muscle

53
Q

term for naming size of muscle?

smallest
ex. gluteus minimus muscle

54
Q

term for naming size of muscle?

large
ex. adductor magnus muscle

55
Q

term for naming size of muscle?

longest
ex. adductor longus muscle

56
Q

term for naming size of muscle?

shortest
ex. adductor brevis muscle

57
Q

name example of muscle that has 4 origins, 2 origins?

A

quadriceps femoris muscle

biceps brachii muscle

58
Q

name a muscle that is quadrangular? trapezoidal?

A

quadratus plantae m

trapezius m

59
Q

what is the general rule regarding muscles that crosses a joint?

A

has an action at that joint

60
Q

name this type of arteries?

large arteries, nourished by?

A

conducting/elastic

vasa vasorum

61
Q

name this type of arteries?

medium-sized arteries

A

distributing/muscular

62
Q

name this type of arteries?

small to very small arteries

A

Arterioles

63
Q

name this type of arteries?

an artery that is the only blood supply for an area

64
Q

T/F, valves present within the veins?

65
Q

what is a vena comitans?

A

a vein that travels with its respective artery

66
Q

these veins travel without arteries?

A

superficial veins

67
Q

microscopic vessels that allow exchange of nutrients and wastes for cells
- direct blood to venules

what are these vein types called?

A

capillaries

68
Q

T/F, valves present in the lymph vessels?

69
Q

what is the flow of lymph?

A 
lymph capillaries
afferent lymph vessels
lymph nodes
efferent lymph vessels
lymph trunks
70
Q

communications between arteries and/or veins?

A

Anastomoses

71
Q
  • communication between an arteriole and a venule
  • help regulate body temperature by directing blood away from the surface to
    deeper tissues (to warm) or to the surface from deeper tissues (to cool)
  • can be traumatically
A

arteriovenous shunts

72
Q

why do arteries tend to cross the flexor surface of muscles?

A

prevents collapse, so they don’t get stretched to closing or crushed

KSUCPM LE (95 decks)

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