QUIZ I Intro to Oral Biology

Question 1

what is the craniofacial complex?

Answer 1

head, face, and neck

Question 2

in order to properly diagnose, prognosticate, treat, and evaluate dental diseases and disorders, we must fully understand what?

Answer 2

how normal tissues develop and function

Question 3

what makes up the dentition?

Answer 3

• teeth
• enamel
• dentin
• cementum
• bone
• periodontal ligament

Question 4

describe teeth

Answer 4

• occupy 20% surface area in the oral cavity
• masticatory force 500-700 newtons/ 110-160 lbs of force
• mastication, speech, esthetics, defense, bone health

Question 5

describe enamel

Answer 5

• 96% mineral
• non-vital
• brittle
• ameloblasts

Question 6

describe dentin

Answer 6

• ~70% mineral
• elastic
• permeable
• vital
• odontoblasts

Question 7

describe cementum

Answer 7

• 50% mineral
• thin
• vital
• attachment site

Question 8

describe bone

Answer 8

• 50% mineral
• support
• remodels continually

Question 9

describe the periodontal ligament

Answer 9

• hammock
• fibrous

Question 10

what 3 features form the periodontium?

Answer 10

cementum, bone, and periodontal ligament

Question 11

what is the clinical crown?

Answer 11

the visible portion of the crown that is not covered by gingival tissues

Question 12

what is the anatomic crown?

Answer 12

the entire part of the crown covered in enamel (it is usually larger than the clinical crown in a healthy mouth)

Question 13

describe finding disease genes

Answer 13

nucleus → chromosome → band → gene → mutation

Question 14

describe approaches to identifying disease susceptibility genes

Answer 14

• linkage analysis
  
  • studies families with more than one affected individual
• candidate gene analysis (association study)
  
  • compares people with the disease to people with the disorder
  • case-control

Question 15

what are 2 forms of genetic variation?

Answer 15

mutation and polymorphism

Question 16

what is a mutation?

Answer 16

• rare change in the DNA sequence
• refers to negative effect
• a form of polymorphism

Question 17

what is a polymorphism?

Answer 17

• 2 or more alleles in the population
• may be benign or predispose to disease
• present in 1% of the population

Question 18

what are 4 types of mutations?

Answer 18

• point mutation
• deletion
• insertion
• frame shift

Question 19

what are the 4 main stages in tooth development?

Answer 19

1. initiation
2. morphogenesis
3. dentin and enamel deposition
4. tooth formation and eruption

dental lamina (mesenchyme and ectoderm) → bud → cap → bell → tooth

Question 20

what is tooth agenesis?

Answer 20

congenitally missing teeth

Question 21

what is cleidocranial dysplasia?

Answer 21

a condition in which a third layer of teeth is formed

Question 22

what are 4 clinical correlates of enamel?

Answer 22

• genetic disorders
• fluorosis
• febrile/tetracycline use
• dental caries

Question 23

what are the dentin and pulp cells?

Answer 23

odontoblasts

Question 24

what are 2 clinical correlates of the dentin-pulp complex?

Answer 24

genetic disorders and dental caries

Question 25

what are 5 types of dentin?

Answer 25

* predentin * primary dentin * secondary dentin * tertiary dentin * mantle dentin

Question 26

what are 5 challenges of modulating inflammation?

Answer 26

* infected pulp tissue * inflamed pulp tissue * decay * abscess * inflamed ligament

Question 27

name the 6 principal fiber groups within the periodontium

Answer 27

* transseptal ligament * alveolar crest group * horizontal group * oblique group * apical group * interradicular group