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Oral Biology > QUIZ 3 Dentin Pulp Complex II > Flashcards

QUIZ 3 Dentin Pulp Complex II Flashcards

1
Q

the pulp is intimately connected to and continuous with the ___

A

dentin

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2
Q

the pulp allows the tooth organ to respond to ___

A

external stimuli

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3
Q

the death of the pulp is a critical event in the long term ___ of the tooth

A

mechanical stability

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4
Q

what is the primary cell type of pulp?

A

fibroblasts, followed by odontoblasts

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5
Q

dental pulp arises from the ___, which is ___ tissue

A
  • dental papilla
  • ectomesenchymal
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6
Q

dental pulp provides the support structures for the mineralized components of the tooth. what are the individual support structures?

A
  • blood vessels
  • innervation
  • fibroblasts
  • pool of immune cells
  • pool of progenitor cells for replacement and repair
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7
Q

what are the 4 histological zones of the dental pulp, from outer to inner?

A
  1. odontoblast layer
  2. cell free zone of Weil
  3. cell rich (cell dense zone)
  4. pulp core
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8
Q

label this photo

A
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9
Q

the dental pulp ECM is a ___ matrix, comprised of collagen ___ (mostly) and collagen ___. it also contains numerous noncollagenous ___ and ___.

A
  • soft connective tissue
  • III
  • I
  • proteoglycans
  • glycoproteins
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10
Q

what happens to the dental pulp ECM with age?

A

collagen content increases and fibrils aggregate into larger bundles, with the greatest concentration apically

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11
Q

what composes the ground substance of the pulp?

A
  • proteoglycans (GAG chains)
  • glycoproteins
  • water (physiological fluid)
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12
Q

what are the 5 proteoglycans found in pulp?

A
  • chondroitin-6-sulfate
  • chondroitin-4-sulfate
  • herparin sulfate
  • dermatan sulfate
  • keratan sulfate
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13
Q

label this picture

A
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14
Q

what do proteoglycans in the dental pulp do?

A

pull in water; keep the squidly bits squidgy

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15
Q

what is the key dentin-pulp complex cell type?

A

odontoblasts

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16
Q

describe the odontoblast components and morphology

A
  • polarized cells, elongated nucleus at the pulpal side of the cell, secretory components (golgi bodies) towards the dentinal side
  • larger and more columnar in the crown than the root, where they are more cuboidal
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17
Q

odontoblasts form a discrete layer of cells held together by ___

A
  • junctional complexes
    • adherens junctions, NOT zonular
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18
Q

odontoblasts are held together by junctional complexes, which may give a degree of ___ to the odontoblast layer

A

permeability (serum proteins may pass)

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19
Q

odontoblasts can form ___ with pulpal fibroblasts

A

gap junctions

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20
Q

odontoblasts produce and secrete ___ and ___

A

collagen and non-collagenous protein

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21
Q

odontoblasts are responsible for the production and sequestration of which key growth factors in dentin matrix?

A
  • VEGF
  • TGF beta 1
  • BMP-2
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22
Q

describe aged odontoblasts

A

fewer organelles, less secretory activity, and nucleus is somewhat more central

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23
Q

growth factors can be released via ___ primarily from the odontoblast process

A

secretory vesicles

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24
Q

describe odontoblast turnover

A

assumed to be long lived, but can be replaced from mesenchymal progenitor pool

the process is not understood, key to responsiveness of tooth and capacity for self-repair

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25
there is a role of ___ in dentin matrix in the recruitment of new odontoblasts
sequestered growth factors
26
\_\_\_ are found in the pulp core and the cell rich zone
fibroblasts
27
fibroblasts produce and maintain the ___ of the pulpal tissue
supportive matrix
28
the pulpal tissue matrix supports what 5 things?
* progenitor cells * immune cells * vasculature * lymph * nervous tissue
29
\_\_\_ may have a role in facilitating mesenchymal progenitor cell recruitment and differentiation
fibroblasts
30
what are dental pulp progenitor cells?
* mesenchymal progenitor cells present in dental pulp * in response to damage to the dentin, they are recruited to form new odontoblast-like cells * involved in reparative dentin formation
31
progenitor cells are recruited as a result of ___ via stimulatory signals, which results in ___ dentin
* trauma * reparative * some progenitor cells will have to remain so they can continue to be progenitor cells, while others will differentiate and form reparative dentin
32
what immune cells are present in normal healthy pulp?
macrophages (innate immunity) and dendritic cells (acquired immunity)
33
what two cell types are prevalent in inflamed/infected pulp?
T and B lymphocytes
34
healthy pulp plays a key role in cell ___ and \_\_\_. involvement in immune response to \_\_\_.
* turnover and clearance * infection (TNF alpha, IL-1 beta)
35
\_\_\_ are antigen presenters to T cells and are found under the odontoblast layer
dendritic cells
36
dendritic cells are closely associated with ___ and ___ components of the pulp: coordinated tissue responses
neuronal and vascular
37
pulp vasculature arises from which arteries?
external carotid arteries, and superior/inferior alveolar arteries
38
there are ___ arterioles per root, which access the pulp through the ___ and spread upwards into the coronal pulp
* 4-8 * apical foramen
39
younger teeth have ___ vascular access than older teeth
better; because they have a larger apical foramen
40
capillary networks are present in which zone? during formation of primary dentin, capillary networks are present in which layer?
* cell free zone * present in odontoblast layer
41
what happens as arterioles proceed into the pulp?
caliber increases, vessel wall decreases
42
describe vascular supply to the dental pulp
* arterioles to capillaries to venules * arterioles branch, anastomose to venules in capillary plexi located in the cell free zone (sub-odontoblast) * venules leave via apical foramen, connect to superior and inferior alveolar viens and ultimately internal jugular vein
43
describe lymphatic supply to the dental pulp
* drain vascular exudate, interstitial fluid out of pulp * steady state: lymph flow is equal to arterial interstitial flow * lymphatic vessels: thinner walls, epithelial lining, and thin smooth muscle layer
44
the dental pulp is highly innervated by nerves which enter through the \_\_\_, in close contact with blood vessels (called ___ bundles)
* apical foramen * neurovascular
45
nerve fibers enter the pulp chamber through the apical foramen, then branch out through the \_\_\_, forming the \_\_\_
* coronal pulp * plexus of raschkow
46
in root pulp, there are no \_\_\_, only branches of nerve fibers
plexuses of raschkow
47
in the dental pulp, incoming nerve fibers consist of ___ nerves from the \_\_\_, and ___ branches from the \_\_\_
* afferent * trigeminal * sympathetic * superior cervical ganglion
48
what are the functions of dental pulp innervation?
control blood flow, nociception, immune response
49
describe sensory innervation of dentin
* nerve bundles consist of both myelinated "A delta" and unmyelinated "C" axons * myelination decreases as fibers proceed towards the coronal pulp * some unmyelinated nerve axons pass into the dentinal tubules and are closely associated with odontoblasts (minority) * no clear understanding of the role of these fibers, or how they are organized
50
all cell types of dental pulp function to respond to \_\_\_
external stimuli
51
vasculature, immune system, and nervous system coordinate the ___ response
repair
52
describe the coordination of the repair response
53
what are the 3 theories of dentin sensitivity?
1. direct innervation 2. odontoblast nociception 3. tubule fluid conductance (hydrodynamic)
54
describe support/combination of support for the proposed models of dentin sensitivity
* there are nerves in some tubules, but a minority * odontoblasts are neural crest derived, but anatomically do not synapse extensively with pulpal nerves; gap junctions exist however * local anasthetics applied to exposed dentin ineffective, changes in fluid levels can cause sensitivity
55
what are pulp stones?
mineralized tissue formed inappropriately in the pulp
56
what is the difference between free and attached pulp stones?
* free * more common, surrounded by soft pulp tissue * attached * bound to dentin, or embedded in secondary dentin
57
what is the difference between true and false pulp stones?
* true * contain tubules and are associated with odontoblast-like cells (rare) * false * consists of atubular mineralized tissue, sometimes with necrotic tissue at the center (more common)
58
pulp stones occur around what?
collagen fibers, dead cell aggregates or thrombi
59
pulp stones are more prevalent after what age?
50
60
what can happen if pulp stones grow too large?
they can compress pulp and make debridement difficult (think about endodontic cases)
61
describe age-related changes in pulp
* recession of the pulp due to secondary dentin formation: reduction in cell number * cell aging, reduction in cell response to stimuli * decrease in pulp permeability (peritubular occlusion), but more brittle teeth * loss of nerve axons, decrease in sensitivity * dystrophic calcification in central pulp

Oral Biology (19 decks)

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