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Oral Biology > QUIZ 3 Eruption and Shedding > Flashcards

QUIZ 3 Eruption and Shedding Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 5 types of physiologic tooth movements?

A
  • preeruptive
  • eruptive
  • posteruptive
  • shedding
  • avulsion
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2
Q

what is preeruptive movement?

A

positioning of tooth germs prior to eruption

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3
Q

what is eruptive movement?

A

the movement of the tooth into functional occlusion

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4
Q

what is posteruptive movement?

A

movements in compensation for the growth of the jaws/wear. meant to keep the tooth in occlusion

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5
Q

what is shedding movement?

A

the programmed loss of the primary teeth to make way for the permanent dentition

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6
Q

what is avulsion?

A

an extreme example of non physiologic tooth movement

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7
Q

___ is the main functional requirement for teeth, as most normal tooth movements are aimed at maintaining the teeth in ___

A

occlusion, occlusion

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8
Q

which permanent teeth have primary counterparts?

A

incisors, canines, and premolars

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9
Q

permanent teeth develop ___ to primary tooth germs

A

lingually

consider the successional laminae

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10
Q

the permanent teeth and primary tooth germs start in the same crypt, but eventually develop what?

A

their own separate crypt in the bone

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11
Q

in the development of permanent teeth, the dental lamina extends backwards to give rise to which permanent teeth?

A

the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd molars

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12
Q

the development of permanent and primary teeth cause a fair amount of ___. as the mandible/maxilla grow, tooth germs have to ___

A
  • crowding
  • shift around
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13
Q

in preeruptive movement, primary teeth move into position for eruption, and then what happens to the developing permanent teeth?

A

they shift into an apical position where they have primary counterparts

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14
Q

describe the preeruptive movement of maxillary and mandibular molars

A
  • maxillary molars:
    • first, occlusal surface arrive distally, and then they shift down into place when there is room
  • mandibular molars:
    • follow preeruptive movement of the maxillary molars
    • these have a more mesial inclincation, which swing into occlusion when there is room (or not)
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15
Q

preeruptive movement of the maxillary molars is followed by ___

A

the mandibular molars

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16
Q

in what ways are movements of the tooth germ accomplished?

A
  1. the whole tooth germ moves
  2. directional growth
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17
Q

how does the tooth germ maintain its relative position as the jaw lengthens and grows in height?

A

the tooth germ moves either by the whole tooth germ moving or by directional growth

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18
Q

preeruptive movements take place in a bony crypt, and thus are associated with what?

A

bone resorption and/or deposition

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19
Q

___ movements position the tooth for eruption and occur as the tooth germ develops

A

preeruptive

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20
Q

___ movement results in an increase in length, while ___ growth results in an increase in height

A
  • bodily
  • directional/eccentric
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21
Q

eruptive tooth movements are ___ or ___

A

axial or occlusal

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22
Q

the actual eruption of the primary tooth into the mouth is only the final stage. much more behind the scenes work happens to ___

A

align the tooth properly

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23
Q

in primary eruptive tooth movement, fusion of the ___ with the ___ creates an epithelium lined channel through which the tooth emerges

A
  • oral epithelium
  • reduced enamel epithelium (REE)
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24
Q

the permanent successional tooth forms in a ___ under the primary tooth

A

second bony crypt

25
Q

describe permanent eruptive tooth movement

A
  • permanent successional tooth forms in a second bony crypt under the primary tooth
  • a channel, called the gubernacular canal, develops between the alveolar bone around the primary tooth and the permanent tooth as it erupts
  • the permanent tooth erupts through the gubernacular canal
26
Q

at what rate does the permanent tooth erupt?

A
  • intraosseous: 1-10 um/day
  • in canal: up to 75 um/day
27
Q

what is the gubernacular canal?

A
  • a channel that develops between the alveolar bone around the primary tooth and permanent tooth as it erupts
  • it forms along the remnants of the dental lamina attached to the lamina propria (gubernacular cord)
28
Q

what are the 4 theories of the forces that drive eruption?

A
  • bone remodeling theory
  • root growth theory
  • vascular pressure theory
  • cushion hammock theory
29
Q

describe the bone remodeling theory of eruption

A
  • bone deposits under an erupting tooth propelling it outwards
  • problems:
    • removal of dental follicle = no bone remodeling and thus no eruption
    • replica “teeth” placed in an intact follicle still form an eruption pathway
30
Q

describe the root growth theory of eruption

A
  • root formation pushes the tooth outwards
  • problems:
    • pushing against what?
    • not enough root to account for the movement to occlusal plane
    • if you cut off the roots, a tooth will still erupt
31
Q

describe the vascular pressure theory of eruption

A
  • blood vessels at the tooth apex push it outwards via hydrostatic pressure
  • problems:
    • pressure is insufficient
    • when you remove the vascular supply, teeth still erupt
32
Q

describe the cushion hammock theory of eruption

A
  • a magic ligament under the tooth pushes it out
  • problem:
    • this ligament likely does not exist
33
Q

what is the current thought of what drives tooth eruption?

A

the dental follicle drives the breakdown of tissues, while the PDL helps “tug” the tooth in an occlusal direction

the REE also plays a similar role - it signals the dental follicle when the tooth is “ready”

34
Q

describe the thought process of the periodontal ligament being the driving force of eruptive tooth movement

A
  • PDL fibroblasts pull against each other and collagen bundles, exerting pressure on the tooth
    • but, it is possible for rootless teeth to erupt and also for the eruption of teeth with a PDL to fail
  • the dental follicle is critical for tooth eruption, as it initiates bone resorption and the breakdown of soft tissues allowing for eruption
35
Q

the ___ plays a similar role as the PDL in the eruption of teeth, and may also signal the ___ when the tooth is “ready”

A
  • reduced enamel epithelium
  • dental follicle
36
Q

what are the key mediators of eruption that are involved in tissue resorption?

A
  • colony stimulating factor-1
  • IL-6
  • IL-1 alpha
  • monocyte chemotactic protein-1
37
Q

what are the key mediators of eruption that are involved in tissue formation?

A
  • BMP-2
  • BMP-6
  • Runx2
  • TGF beta
  • EGF
38
Q

post eruptive movement occurs for what three reasons?

A
  1. to accommodate the growing jaws
  2. compensate for occlusal wear
  3. compensate for interproximal wear
39
Q

what is the accommodation for growth in post eruptive movement?

A

generally bone remodeling to compensate for increasing height

40
Q

orthodontic tooth movement is effectively similar to ___ movements

A

post eruptive movements (applied forces)

41
Q

by applying gentle constant forces on a tooth (ortho), remodeling of what occurs?

A

the tooth socket and PDL, moving the tooth into a new relative position

42
Q

is orthodontic tooth movement physiological?

A

no, and it does involve some tissue damage and internal bone resorption, probably due to imperfect force distribution within the PDL

43
Q

what is the result of tension and compression from orthodontic treatment?

A

remodeling of the PDL fibers and bone deposition

44
Q

what is hyalinization, and when can it happen?

A
  • damage to cells in the PDL, loss of cells = no remodeling
  • can occur during orthodontic tooth movement
45
Q

can orthodontic treatment result in pulp damage?

A

yes, if you tweak the tooth too hard, you can damage vascular access of the tooth by severing the connection at the apical foramen

46
Q

what is the compensation for occlusal wear (post eruptive tooth movement)?

A
  • the PDL most likely helps keep the tooth in occlusion
  • deposition of cementum/alveolar bone may help keep the tooth in its adjusted position
47
Q

what is the compensation for interproximal wear (post eruptive tooth movement)?

A
  • mesial drift
  • teeth tend to move in a mesial direction
48
Q

teeth are generally inclined in a ___ fashion

A

mesial

49
Q

despite their labial inclination, incisors tend to move in a ___ direction

A

mesial

50
Q

___ ligament fibers of the PDL are important for ensuring relative tooth movement. ___ remodeling will help keep them in the new orientation.

A
  • transseptal
  • bone/PDL
51
Q

describe shedding

A
  • deciduous teeth fall out
  • incisors/canines
    • preceded by resorption of deciduous roots on the lingual side
  • primary molars
    • interradicular dentin and root resorption
  • as components of the permanent tooth are driving resorption, contact points are where it generally occurs
52
Q

describe resorption of dental tissues

A
  • odontoclasts are responsible for the resorption of hard tissues
  • cells/enzymes are responsible for the resorption of the PDL and soft tissues
    • PDL fibroblast cell death clearly contributes to this process
53
Q

___ from the advancing permanent tooth can speed the resorption of primary teeth. what happens to primary teeth that don’t have a permanent tooth under it?

A
  • pressure
  • they will still shed, just much later
54
Q

shedding of primary teeth without permanent counterparts is probably due to what?

A

the growth of the jaw and increase in masticatory forces in the mature jaw, which increases the forces applied to the deciduous tooth

55
Q

the stimulation for shedding is a combination of factors. what are the factors?

A
  • pressure from erupting teeth cause some resorption, leading to decreased mechanical stability, which in turn leads to further resorption of the tooth
56
Q

mandibular teeth are generally shed prior to their maxillary occlusal counterparts. what is the exception?

A
  • primary 2nd molars
    • generally all 4 at once
  • females usually first
57
Q

in the mandible, shedding generally occurs in what “direction”?

A

anterior to posterior

sometimes molars before canines

58
Q

in the maxilla, shedding generally occurs in what “direction”?

A

anterior to posterior, but the first molars fall out before the canines

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