QUIZ 4 Oral Microbiology

Question 1

describe the clinical presentation of impetigo

Answer 1

amber colored crusts generally found on the face, near the mouth

cases generally arise in damaged skin

Question 2

what are the bacterial causes of impetigo?

Answer 2

• streptococcus pyogenes
• staphylococcus aureus

Question 3

impetigo has increased prevalence in what 3 populations?

Answer 3

HIV, type 2 diabetes, dialysis

Question 4

describe tonsillitis and pharyngitis

Answer 4

• “strep throat”
• group A beta hemolytic streptococci, influenza, epstein-barr virus
  
  • majority caused by virus

Question 5

what are the signs and symptoms of tonsillitis and pharyngitis?

Answer 5

sore throat, dysphagia, tonsillar hyperplasia, fever, headache

Question 6

how do you diagnose streptococcal pharyngitis and tonsillitis? what is the treatment?

Answer 6

• throat culture
• treatment - penicillin

Question 7

what is the sequelae of streptococcal pharyngitis and tonsillitis?

Answer 7

*sequelae means what can happen if it is not treated*

• scarlet fever
• rheumatic fever
  
  • rheumatic heart disease
  • acute glomerulonephritis

Question 8

in the clinical presentation of scarlet fever, what does the tongue resemble?

Answer 8

a strawberry

Question 9

what is scarlet fever caused by?

Answer 9

• disseminated group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection
• aka untreated streptococcal pharyngitis and tonsillitis

Question 10

what are the oral features of scarlet fever?

Answer 10

• first 2 days: white strawberry tongue - white coating with only visible fungiform papillae
• 4-5 days: red strawberry tongue - erythematous dorsal surface with hyperplastic fungiform papillae

Question 11

what is diphtheria?

Answer 11

• cornebacterium diphtheriae
• humans are sole reservoir
• affects mucosal tissues first
• tissue necrosis and cardiac complications
  
  • lethal exotoxin produced by bacteria

Question 12

what is the clinical presentation of diphtheria?

Answer 12

white pseudomembrane usually found towards the back of the throat near the uvula

Question 13

what is syphilis caused by?

Answer 13

treponema pallidum

Question 14

how is syphilis contracted?

Answer 14

primarily through sexual contact and from mother to fetus (congenital syphilis)

Question 15

syphilis is 6x more common in what populations?

Answer 15

men and african americans

Question 16

what is primary syphilis?

Answer 16

• characterized by the chancre that develps at the site of inoculation (3-90 days after inoculation)
  
  • painless ulceration

Question 17

what is gumma?

Answer 17

• characteristic of syphillis (tertiary stage)
• scattered foci of granulomatous inflammation (type of necrosis)
• intraoral lesions usually affect the palate or tongue

Question 18

what is gonorrhea caused by?

Answer 18

neisseria gonnorhoeae

Question 19

how is gonorrhea contracted?

Answer 19

sexual contact

Question 20

what are the signs and symptoms of gonorrhea?

Answer 20

purulent discharge and dysuria

Question 21

what is tuberculosis caused by?

Answer 21

• mycobacterium tuberculosis
  
  • acid fast bacillus

Question 22

what population is TB common in? how is it spread?

Answer 22

• immunodeficiency
• spreads through airborne droplets

Question 23

what is scrofula?

Answer 23

• tuberculosis of the neck
• lymphadenopathy of the neck
• usually a result of mycobacterium

Question 24

___ can cause the bridge of the nose to collapse

Answer 24

multibacillary (lepromatous) leprosy

Question 25

what bacteria causes leprosy?

Answer 25

**mycobacterium** leprae

Question 26

is leprosy contageous?

Answer 26

low infectivity - exposure rarely results in disease

Question 27

what are the signs and symptoms of leprosy?

Answer 27

* first symptoms * numbness and loss of temperature sensation * as the disease progresses * the sensations of touch, then pain, and eventually deep pressure are decreased or lost

Question 28

\_\_\_ is a host of leprosy

Answer 28

9-banded armadillo

Question 29

\_\_\_ colonization can occur in healthy patients: tonsillar crypts, plaque, carious dentin

Answer 29

actinomyces israelii

Question 30

55% of actinomyces cases are diagnosed in the ___ region

Answer 30

cervicofacial

Question 31

what is the treatment of bacterial infection caused by actinomyces israelii?

Answer 31

long-term high dose antibiotics

Question 32

actinomyces infection is a suppurative reaction of infection that may disharge yellow material. describe the yellow material

Answer 32

* represent colonies of actinomyces * termed sulfur granules

Question 33

what is the histopathology of actinomyces infection?

Answer 33

club-shaped filaments that form a radiating pattern and are surrounded by neutrophils

Question 34

what is cat scratch disease caused by?

Answer 34

bartonella henselae

Question 35

cat-scratch disease begins in the \_\_\_, and classically spreads to adjacent \_\_\_

Answer 35

skin, lymph nodes

Question 36

cat-scratch disease is the most common cause of ___ in children

Answer 36

chronic regional lymphadenopathy

Question 37

cat-scratch disease arises after contact with what?

Answer 37

a domestic cat or kitten - scratches, bites, licks

Question 38

80% of ___ cases occur in patients younger than 21

Answer 38

cat-scratch disease

Question 39

candidiasis is caused by what?

Answer 39

candida albicans

Question 40

\_\_\_ is the most common oral fungal infection in humans

Answer 40

candidiasis

Question 41

is candida albicans common in the mouth of healthy people?

Answer 41

* about 50% of healthy people carry the organism in their mouth * rate increases with age * mostly an opportunistic infection, but healthy patients may develop infection

Question 42

what are the two most common species that cause aspergillosis?

Answer 42

a. fumigatus (90%) and a. flavus

Question 43

describe noninvasive aspergillosis

Answer 43

* affects a normal host * allergic reaction - mass of fungal hyphae

Question 44

describe invasive aspergillosis

Answer 44

* localized can occur in normal host * extensive involvement in immunocompromised patient