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Oral Biology > QUIZ 2 Embryology of the Head, Face, and Oral Cavity > Flashcards

QUIZ 2 Embryology of the Head, Face, and Oral Cavity Flashcards

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1
Q

orofacial development begins at ___ weeks in utero

A

4

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2
Q

once the olfactory placodes develop, what happens?

A

ectomesenchyme proliferates on both sides of each placode, resulting in medial and lateral nasal processes

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3
Q

what merges to form the upper lip?

A

medial nasal processes merge with each other, as well as the maxillary processes of the first branchial arches

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4
Q

upper lip formation occurs from weeks ___ to ___

A

6-7

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5
Q

what merges to form the primary palate?

A

medial nasal process

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6
Q

the secondary palate is formed from the ___ processes of the first ___ arches

A
  • maxillary
  • branchial
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7
Q

what makes up 90% of the hard and soft palates?

A

secondary palate

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8
Q

what are the developmental conditions that can affect orofacial development?

A
  • developmental
    • anomaly of development
  • hereditary/genetic
    • familial - runs in families
    • congenital - present at birth
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9
Q

a cleft lip is the result of the defective fusion of which two processes?

A

medial nasal process and the maxillary process

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10
Q

what percent of cleft lip cases are unilateral?

A

80%

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11
Q

cleft palate is the failure of what to fuse?

A

the palatal shelves

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12
Q

the minimal manifestation of cleft palate is a ___

A

bifid uvula

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13
Q

describe treatment of cleft lip

A

rule of 10

  • 10 weeks old
  • 10 lbs
  • 10 grams % hemoglobin
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14
Q

describe treatment of cleft palate

A

about 1 1/2 years

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15
Q

what % of orofacial clefts are cleft lip and palate?

A

45%

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16
Q

what % of orofacial clefts are cleft palate only?

A

30%

17
Q

what % of orofacial clefts are cleft lip only?

A

25%

18
Q

what percent of syndromic patients have cleft lip AND cleft palate?

A

30%

19
Q

what percent of syndromic patients have cleft palate only?

A

50%

20
Q

describe Pierre Robin sequence

A
  • cleft palate
  • mandibular micrognathia
  • glossoptosis (downward displacement of the tongue)
21
Q

describe environmental factors of nonsyndromic clefts

A
  • maternal alcohol or cigarette use
  • folic acid deficiency
  • corticosteroid use
  • anticonvulsant therapy
22
Q

what type of cleft is described as a lack of fusion of the maxillary and mandibular processes?

A

lateral facial cleft

23
Q

what type of cleft is described as failure of fusion of the lateral nasal processes with maxillary process?

A

oblique facial cleft

24
Q

what type of cleft is described as failure of fusion of the medial nasal processes?

A

median cleft of the upper lip

25
Q

what type of cleft is more common in males?

A

CL + CP

26
Q

what type of cleft is more common in females?

A

cleft palate only

27
Q

describe the prevalence of orofacial clefts among native americans, asians, caucasians, and african americans

A
  • native americans: 1/250
  • asians: 1/300
  • caucasians: 1/700
  • african americans: 1/1500
28
Q

how can a submucous palatal cleft develop?

A
  • surface is intact, but defect exists in the underlying musculature of the soft palate
  • epithelium seals off cleft, but bones are still separated
  • a bone notch will be present on the posterior hard palate margin
  • appears as a bluish midline discoloration
29
Q

name the 9 individuals that can be involved in management of orofacial clefts

A
  • pediatrician
  • OMFS
  • ENT
  • plastic surgeon
  • pediatric dentist
  • orthodontist
  • prosthodontist
  • speech pathologist
  • geneticist
30
Q

describe commissural lip pits

A
  • angle of the mouth
    • mucosal invaginations that occur at the corners of the mouth on the vermillion border
    • not associated with facial or palatal clefts
31
Q

describe paramedian lip pits

A
  • congenital invaginations of the lower lip
  • usually bilaterally located
  • no treatment except evaluate for syndrome
32
Q

describe van der woude syndrome

A
  • greatest significance of paramedian lip pits
  • cleft lip and cleft palate
  • most common form of syndromic clefting
33
Q

what is microglossia?

A
  • abnormally small tongue
  • usually syndromic
34
Q

what is aglossia?

A

missing tongue

35
Q

microglossia is frequently associated with what?

A

hypoplasia of the mandible

36
Q

what may be missing in microglossia?

A

lower incisors

37
Q

what is ankyloglossia?

A

developmental tongue abnormality characterized by a short, thick lingual frenum resulting in limitation of tongue movement

aka tongue tied

38
Q

akyloglossia may cause problems with what?

A

speech and breastfeeding

39
Q

what are the treatment options for ankyloglossia?

A

frenotomy or frenuloplasty around age 4-5

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