QUIZ FOR UNIT 2 - Parts of Brain + Function

Question 1

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

Answer 1

• largest lobe
• responsible for behavioural traits (what makes us unique)
• decision making, personality, and motor control –> purposeful voluntary movement
• make sense of our environment, memories and emotions
• provide working memory, keep relevant information for a short time to make complex decisions

Question 2

What is the function of the motor cortex?

Answer 2

PLAN, CREATE, VOLUNTARY
P,C,V
MC - MUSCLE CONTROL
ELECTRIC IMPULSE
- plan and create electrical impulses that cause voluntary muscle contractions
——-.
- constantly communicates with basal ganglia, the cerebellum and areas of cerebral cortex to ensure movements are intentional, precise, and coordinated with sensory perception

Question 3

What is the function of the sensory cortex?

Answer 3

• Includes our 5 senses
• Processing and make sense of information that is gathered by our senses

Question 4

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

Answer 4

E = ENVIRONMENT
T = TOUCH -> also a SENSE (SENSES
A= ATTENTION

• integrates information from our senses to focus attention on important things in environment
• ## mainly on processes your sense of touch and assembles input from your other senses into a form you can use
• receives signals from occipital lobe to reflect location of objects from our eyes -> then reconciles with touch and body position to paint picture of our surroundings
• left and right halves are responsible for information coming from opposite side of body

Question 5

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

Answer 5

• decodes visual signals
• ## the lobe tells us where, how and what we are seeing
• primary visual cortex is the first part to receive visual information and neurons in area detect high-contrast edges and orientation and motion that is relayed through rest of occipital lobe
• then goes up to parietal lobe to determine response or temporal lobe to recognize objects.

Question 6

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

Answer 6

• understand memories, emotions and language ->eml
• key for recognition of objects, places and people -> memory
• links words (written or spoken) to their semantic meaning -> language
• to create a memory is goes through entorhinal cortex of temporal lobe into hippocampus
• contains hippocampus, primary auditory cortex and Wernicke’s area

Question 7

What is the function of the cerebellum?

Answer 7

C = COORDINATING
BELL = INITIATE THEMSELVES WHEN CLOCK TURNS 12
M = MOVEMENT
- initiates and coordinates movement for muslce control like balance and regulates temperature
- honing our most practiced talents
- helps improve motor skills by detecting errors in movement and making minute adjustments to the next movement

a) which strengthen connections within neural circuits to encode complex movement

Question 8

What is synapses?

Answer 8

is a structure that allows a neuron to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron

Question 9

What is neuroplasticity?

Answer 9

Brain’s ability to change and adapt in response to experience

Question 10

What are the 2 types of neuroplasticity?

Answer 10

structural plasticity and functional plasticity

Question 11

What is structural plasticity?

Answer 11

the brain’s ability to actually change its physical structure as a result of learning.

ex.
Structural plasticity gives the brain the ability to learn things like language, music, mathematics, and other complex skill sets. For example, studies have shown a distinct thickening in the tissues of the temporal lobe in musicians, since the primary auditory cortex is located there.

Question 12

What is adaptive plasticity?

Answer 12

Refers to changes occurring in the brain’s neural structure: -> increases chances of survival
1. To enable adjustment to experience
2. To compensate for lost function
3. Maximize remaining functions in the event of brain damage
- BUT THIS CAN ALSO BE BAD BECAUSE IT CAN ALLOW CHANGES IN OUR BRAIN FOR DRUGS OR ALCOHOL -> ABLE TO ADAPT OVER TIME WHEN YOU KEEP USING IT

• WE ARE ABLE TO REGAIN CONNECTIONS BY RELEARNING HOW TO DO FUNCTION LIKE WALKING

Question 13

What is functional plasticity?

Answer 13

the brain’s ability to move functions from a damaged area of the brain to other undamaged areas

ex. blind person has amplified senses

Question 14

Why are children able to learn more things or recover faster?

Answer 14

• more synapses in their age -> more space to fill
• seeing things for the first time

Question 15

What is the most adaptive area of the brain?

Answer 15

sensory and motor cortex

Question 16

The response of the brain to an injury is influenced by factors such as:

Answer 16

1. The brains and other biological response to the injury;
2. Location and degree of injury;
3. The age of the person.

Question 17

What is compensation?

Answer 17

• If a person loses one sensory modality, other senses can compensate and take over (NEURONS DO NOT REGROW)
• Teaching ways to adapt, modify, or change the method to perform the task;
• This may involve: modifying the environment, training the family members or caregivers to assist;
• Compensation involves the brain’s ability to recruit other neurons in other regions of the nervous system.

Question 18

What issue arises with injury?

Answer 18

When a particular brain area is damaged other brain can take up the slack → happens when people recover from brain damage

Medical conditions can limit or hinder brain plasticity

Question 19

When could brain plasticity be negative?

Answer 19

• Brain plasticity can be problematic when it allows changes caused by substance use, disease, or trauma (ex; PTSD)
• When people are using substances, it changes chemical make up in brain, does not have same response rate → environment plays a role
• Prolong use of drugs or alcohol can affect ability to response quickly, sense, etc
• Disease → going through particular experiences can trigger certain areas of brain when does not need to or does not react when you need to

Question 20

Why do we feel pain?

Answer 20

We need the sensation of pain to let us know when our bodies need extra care. It’s an important signal. When we sense pain, we pay attention to our bodies and can take steps to fix what hurts. Pain also may prevent us from injuring a body part even more.

Question 21

What is synaptic pruning?

Answer 21

• as we grow older, we either enhance those synaptic connections and strengthen them
• or they get eliminated because they aren’t being used anymore to allow more efficient connections