Exam Unit #1 Flashcards
What are Psychoanalytic Theories?
Development primarily depends on the unconscious mind and emotion.
- Freud and Erikson
What are Cognitive Theories?
Emphasizes thinking, reasoning, language and other cognitive processes.
- (Piaget & Vygotsky)
What are Behavioural & Social Cognitive Theories?
Emphasis on scientific research, focus on environmental factors and recognition of importance of person being in both physical and social.
- (Pavlov, Skinner, Bandura)
What are humanist theory?
- Focused on the self and a hierarchy of needs. development involves the whole person.
- (Rogers, Mead, Montessori, Maslow)
Difference between psychologist, anthropologist and sociologist?
Sociology is the study of society. Anthropology is the study of Mankind. Psyhcology is the study of individual behavior.
What is indigenous wholistic theory?
- Relating to environment, related (circle) and relational
-spiritual, emotional, physical and mental → looking more on the entire person and not just physical needs for instance → this relates to humanistic
How does Indigenous Wholistic theory relate and differ to humanistic theory?
Differences: role of community in helping someone that is not mentioned as much in human development (think more individual like therapy)
Similarity: the fact that they talk about the whole person, taking in all factors together
Nature vs. nurture:
Nature = humans grow in orderly way and development and traits are influenced by genetics → creating a pattern in development
Nurture = influenced and dependent on one’s environment
Continuity and discontinuity:
Continuity = growth and development is a gradual process that occur over time, a smooth process
- Like a mountain up and go down
Discontinuity = development happens through a sequence of stages and more abrupt, stages have at least 1 challenge to complete before going to next
- like staircase
Stability and change:
Stability = our personality and traits remain the same → this is from result of heredity and early experiences as child
- Father is hot head, I got this trait from him
Change = people are malleable and capable of changing any time throughout life
Ex. Seeing that positive relationships are just as important during infancy as they are in adolescence and adulthood
Universal and context:
Universal = there is one developmental process that everyone experiences (most aspects to human life do work in this way)
Context specific = person’s developmental process is completely linked with the context is occurs → unique experiences to individual affect development:
- Personal life experiences, regional differences, cultural context
What is lifespan perspective:
- Lifespan perspective emphasizes developmental changes throughout adulthood as well as during childhood
Development is contextual:
Normative (normal) age-graded influences
- Things that are related to age and predictable in when they occur and how long it may last
- Biological processes like puberty or menopause
Normative (normal) history-graded influences
- How historical events impact someone → ex. COVID 19, everyone went through it
Non Normative or highly individualized life events
- Specific to a person/small group
- events that don’t happen to all people
What are protective factors?
- Being open to talk about those risks/difficult circumstances to others
- Changing the way you live to avoid reliving difficult circumstances
- to protect or lessen from the effects of a difficult situation
What is risk factors?
A characteristic at many level that precedes and is associated with a higher likelihood of problem outcomes
Ex. being burnt out because of school, self-identity
