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Medical Vocab > quiz 9 > Flashcards

quiz 9 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

where are the ovaries located?

A

pelvic cavity, one on each side of the uterus

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2
Q

what is the biological role of mammary glands?

A

secrete milk for nourishment of the newborn

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3
Q

gestation

A

the period from feralization of the ovum until birth

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4
Q

parturition

A

the process of giving birth

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5
Q

vagina

A

the birth canal

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6
Q

oophor/o, ovari/o

A

ovary

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7
Q

colp/o, vagin/o

A

vagina

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8
Q

hyster/o, uter/o

A

uterus

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9
Q

metr/o

A

uterus (womb), measure

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10
Q

cervic/o

A

cervix, cervix uteri (neck of uterus)

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11
Q

salping/o

A

tube (fallopian or eustachian [auditory])

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12
Q

mamm/o, mast/o

A

breast

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13
Q

vulv/o, episi/o

A

vulva

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14
Q

nat/o

A

birth

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15
Q

galact/o, lact/o

A

milk

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16
Q

gynec/o

A

woman, female

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17
Q

men/o

A

menses, menstruation

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18
Q

-arche

A

beginning

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19
Q

-cyesis

A

pregnancy

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20
Q

-gravida

A

pregnant woman

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21
Q

-para

A

to bear (offspring)

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22
Q

-salpinx

A

tube (usually fallopian or eustachian tubes)

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23
Q

-tocia

A

childbirth, labor

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24
Q

pre/nat/al

A

pertaining to (the period) before birth

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25
Q

primi/gravida

A

pregnant woman (for the) first time

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26
Q

pseud/o/cyesis

A

pregnancy (that is) false

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27
Q

salping/o/cele

A

hernia(tion) or swelling of a fallopian tube

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28
Q

dys/tocia

A

bad, painful, or difficult labor or childbirth

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29
Q

multi/para

A

to bear (offspring) many times

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30
Q

cervic/itis

A

inflammation of the cervix uteri (neck of the uterus)

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31
Q

amni/o/centesis

A

surgical puncture of the amnion (amniotic sac)

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32
Q

gynec/o/logist

A

specialist in the study of female (disorders)

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33
Q

oophor/oma

A

tumor of an ovary

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34
Q

hyster/o/scopy, uter/o/scopy

A

visual examination of the uterus

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35
Q

mastect/omy

A

excision or removal of the breast

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36
Q

vagin/o/plasty, colp/o/plasty

A

surgical repair of the vagina

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37
Q

hyster/o/cele

A

herniation of the uterus

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38
Q

perine/o/rraphy

A

suture of the perineum

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39
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

fertilized ovum implants and grows in places other than the uterine cavity caused by a blockage or scarring of the tubes that prevents the fertilized egg from being transported to the uterus

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40
Q

lapar/o/tomy

A

incision into the abdominal cavity will be performed to remove a fertilized ovum from the patients fallopian tube

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41
Q

lump/ec/tomy

A

excision of a small primary breast tumor and some of the normal tissue that surrounds it to treat breast cancer

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42
Q

modified radical mastectomy

A

excision of entire breast, including lymph nodes in the underarm (axillary dissection) to treat breast cancer

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43
Q

adjuvant chemotherapy

A

may be indicated after surgery if malignant cells are found in lymph nodes

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44
Q

lymph/aden/ec/tomy

A

surgical removal of the lymph node

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45
Q

edometriosis

A

growth of endometrial tissue in areas outside the uterus

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46
Q

dys/uria

A

painful urination

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47
Q

dys/meno/rrhea

A

pain during sexual intercourse, pain during menstruation

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48
Q

cerclage

A

obstetric procedure in which a nonabsorbable suture is used for holding the cervix closed to prevent spontaneous abortion in a woman who has an incompetent cervix

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49
Q

fistula

A

abnormal connection or passageway between two organs or vessels that do not normally connect

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50
Q

gametes

A

reproductive cells of the male and female that fuse during fertilization, female is ovum and male is sperm

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51
Q

gestation

A

length of time from conception to birth, normally 36 weeks in human

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52
Q

retroversion

A

state of being turned back or a tipping, especially an organ, such as the uterus

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53
Q

sterility

A

inability of the female to become pregnant or the male to impregnate the female

54
Q

lapar/o/scopy

A

visual examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope through one or more small incisions in the abdominal wall, usually the umbilicus

55
Q

colp/o/scopy

A

examination of the cervix, vagina, and vulva with a colposcope

56
Q

hyster/o/salping/o/graphy

A

radiography and usually fluoroscopy of the uterus and uterine tubes

57
Q

mamm/o/graphy

A

radiography of the breast to detect tumors, cysts, and microcalcifications and to locate a malignant lesion

58
Q

pap test

A

detects abnormal cells in the cervix and vagina

59
Q

lapar/o/scope

A

instrument to examine the abdomine

60
Q

episi/o/tomy

A

incision of the vulva

61
Q

mamm/o/plasty, mast/o/plasty

A

surgical repair of the breast

62
Q

D&C (dilation and curettage)

A

widening of cervical canal with a dilator and scraping the uterine endometrium with a curet

63
Q

cerclage

A

sutures are used to close the cervix to prevent premature birth and decrease the chance of spontaneous abortion

64
Q

amniocentesis

A

transabdominal puncture of the amniotic sac under ultrasound guidance to remove amniotic fluid

65
Q

hysterectomy

A

-subtotal hysterectomy (cervix not removed)
-total hysterectomy (cervix removed)
-total hysterectomy plus bilateral salpingooophorectomy

66
Q

tissue (skin) expansion

A

breast reconstruction in which a balloon expander is inserted beneath the skin and chest muscle

67
Q

transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) flap

A

surgical creation of a skin flap (using skin and fat from lower half of abdomen), which is passed under the skin to the breast area, shaped into a natural-looking breast, and sutured in place

68
Q

topical antifungals

A

used to treat vaginal yeast infections by altering the cell wall of fungi or disrupting enzyme activity resulting in cellular death

69
Q

estrogens

A

estrogen replacement therapy to correct estrogen deficiency or chemotherapy for some types of cancer

70
Q

hormone replacement therapy (hrt)

A

used to correct deficiency of estrogen, progesterone, testosterone
-relieves symptoms of menopause
-prevents osteoporosis in women

71
Q

oral contraceptives (ocps)

A

synthetic hormones used to prevent pregnancy
-used to treat menstrual disorders
-also known as birth control pills

72
Q

testes

A

-located in the scrotum
-produce sperm
-secrete testosterone

73
Q

testosterone

A

hormone that develops and maintains maleness

74
Q

epididymis

A

-located on top of the testes
-storage for sperm before ejaculation

75
Q

vas deferens

A

transports sperm from epididymis to the ejaculatory duct

76
Q

seminal vesicle

A

-helps produce a large portion of semen
-joins with vas deferens to form the ejaculatory duct

77
Q

ejaculatory duct

A

transports semen to the urethra

78
Q

prostate gland

A

-glandular structure beneath the urinary bladder and surrounding the urethra
-produces an alkaline fluid that promotes sperm motility
-muscular tissue of prostate aids in the expulsion of sperm during ejaculation

79
Q

penis

A

-composed of erectile tissue that surrounds the urethra
-during sexual activity, the penis becomes erect, and semen from ejaculatory duct is expelled through the urethra during ejaculation

80
Q

bulbourethral glands (cowper glands)

A

-located below the prostate
-secrete thick mucus that acts as a lubricant during sexual stimulation

81
Q

purpose of the male reproductive system

A

all organs and structures are designed to produce and deliver sperm to the female reproductive tract so fertilization can occur

82
Q

organs that transport sperm

A

-epididymis
-ductus deferens
-ejaculatory duct
-urethra

83
Q

accessory glands of the male reproductive system

A

-seminal vesicles
-prostate gland
-bulbourethral glands

84
Q

copulatory organ of the male reproductive system

A

penis (contains erectile tissue)

85
Q

andr/o

A

male

86
Q

prostat/o

A

prostate gland

87
Q

balan/o

A

glans penis

88
Q

vas/o

A

vessel, vas deferens, duct

89
Q

orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o, test/o

A

testis (plural: testes)

90
Q

vesicul/o

A

seminal vesicle

91
Q

olig/o

A

scanty

92
Q

gonad/o

A

gonads, sex glands

93
Q

crypt/o

A

hidden

94
Q

spermat/o, sperm/o

A

spermatozoa, sperm cells

95
Q

varic/o

A

dilated vein

96
Q

andr/o/gen/ic

A

pertaining to male origin

97
Q

crypt/orchid/ism

A

condition of hidden testes

98
Q

olig/o/sperm/ia

A

condition of scanty sperm (production)

99
Q

balan/o/rrhea

A

discharge from the glans penis

100
Q

hypo/spadias

A

slit or fissure under or below (undersurface of the penis)

101
Q

spermat/uria

A

condition of urine (containing) spermatozoa

102
Q

prostat/o/megaly

A

enlargement of the prostate

103
Q

spermat/o/lysis

A

destruction of permatozoa

104
Q

vas/ectomy

A

excision of (part of) the vas deferens

105
Q

andr/oid

A

resembling a male

106
Q

balan/o/cele

A

hernia or swelling of the glans penis

107
Q

gonad/o/pathy

A

disease of the gonads

108
Q

prostat/ectomy

A

excision of the prostate

109
Q

prostat/itis

A

inflammation of the prostate

110
Q

sperm/i/cide

A

(agent that) kills sperm

111
Q

benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph)

A

overproliferation of cells within the inner portion of the prostate

112
Q

prostat/o/cyst/itis

A

inflammation of the prostate gland and bladder

113
Q

pyel/o/nephr/itis

A

infection of the renal pelvis and kidney

114
Q

hydr/o/nephr/osis

A

urine accumulates in the renal pelvis

115
Q

prostate cancer

A

malignant neoplasm of prostatic tissue

116
Q

noct/uria

A

frequent urination at night

117
Q

prostat/o/megaly

A

enlarged prostate

118
Q

circumcison

A

removal of all or part of the foreskin/prepuce of the penis

119
Q

epispadias

A

malformation in which the urethra opens on the dorsum of the penis

120
Q

erectile dysfunction

A

inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse, also called impotence

121
Q

hydro/cele

A

painless accumulation of serous fluid in the sac that contains the testes, usually due to malabsorption of the serous fluid

122
Q

sterility

A

incapability of fertilization or reproduction

123
Q

digital rectal examination

A

examination of prostate by finger palpation through the anal canal and rectum used to detect prostate enlargement

124
Q

prostate-specific antigen (psa) test

A

blood test to screen for prostate cancer

125
Q

transurethral ultrasound and biopsy of prostate

A

ultrasound probe inserted into the rectum to obtain images of prostate and collect multiple needle biopsy specimens of abnormal tissue

126
Q

uro/graphy

A

process of recording (radiography) the urinary tract

127
Q

vesic/o/prostatic

A

pertaining tot he bladder and prostate gland

128
Q

prostat/ectomy

A

excision or removal of the prostate gland

129
Q

androgen

A

forming or producing male (hormones)

130
Q

uro/genital

A

pertaining to urine and the organs of reproduction

131
Q

transurethral resection of prostate (turp)

A

relieves obstruction caused by prostatic hyperplasia

132
Q

gonadotropins

A

-hormonal preparation
-used to increase sperm count in infertility

Medical Vocab (14 decks)

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