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Medical Vocab > quiz 10 > Flashcards

quiz 10 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

endocrine (ductless) glands

A

-pituitary gland
-thyroid gland
-parathyroid
-adrenal glands
-pancreas
-pineal gland
-thymus gland
-ovaries and testes

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2
Q

endocrine glands

A

-secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to control and integrate many bodily functions

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3
Q

target organ

A

organ or tissue that responds to a hormone

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4
Q

common conditions for endocrine pathologies

A

hypersecretion or hyposecretion of a hormone

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5
Q

why is the pituitary known as a master gland?

A

regulates many body activities, stimulates other glands to secrete specific hormones

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6
Q

hormones

A

chemicals secreted by endocrine glands into the bloodstream

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7
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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8
Q

thyr/o, thyroid/o

A

thyroid gland

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9
Q

thym/o

A

thymus gland

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10
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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11
Q

adren/o, adrenal/o

A

adrenal glands

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12
Q

toxic/o, tox/o

A

poison

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13
Q

gluc/o, glyc/o, glycos/o

A

sugar, sweetness

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14
Q

home/o

A

same, alike

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15
Q

calc/o

A

calcium

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16
Q

crin/o

A

secrete

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17
Q

ophthalm/o

A

eye

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18
Q

-dipsia

A

thirst

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19
Q

-emia

A

blood

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20
Q

-genesis

A

forming, producing, origin

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21
Q

-trophy

A

development, nourishment

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22
Q

poly/dipsia

A

excessive (many, much) thirst

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23
Q

thyr/o/toxic

A

pertaining to poisonous activity of the thyroid

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24
Q

glycos/uria, glucos/uria

A

sugar in urine

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25
Q

hyper/glyc/emia

A

blood with excessive or abnormal glucose

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26
Q

gluc/o/meter

A

instrument to measure sugar

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27
Q

poly/uria

A

excessive (many, much) urination

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28
Q

hypo/insulin/ism

A

condition of deficient insulin

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29
Q

endo/crine

A

secrete within (internally)

30
Q

toxic/o/logist, toxic/o/log/ist

A

specialist in the study of poisons

31
Q

pancreat/itis

A

inflammation of the pancreas

32
Q

acr/o/megaly

A

enlargement of extremities

33
Q

aden/oma

A

tumor of a gland

34
Q

insulin/oma

A

tumor (composed of) insulin

35
Q

tox/emia

A

blood (with a) poison (toxic substance)

36
Q

graves disease

A

-exophthalmos
-common form of hyperthyroidism
-increased production of thyroid hormone
-enlarged thyroid

37
Q

exophthalmus

A

protruding eyeballs

38
Q

thyroidectomy

A

excision of the thyroid gland

39
Q

cushing syndrome

A

-hypersecretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex

40
Q

adrenalectomy

A

surgical removal of the adrenal gland

41
Q

edema

A

swelling

42
Q

hypertension

A

elevated blood pressure

43
Q

growth hormone imbalance (ghi)

A

-acromegaly
-gigantism
-dwarfism
-hypo or hyper secretion of growth hormone

44
Q

homeostasis

A

regulation required to maintain a stable environment in the body

45
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

group of metabolic diseases characterized by elevated glucose levels in insulin secretion, action, or both

46
Q

type 1 diabetes mellitus

A

-insulin dependent
-hyperglycemia
-pancreas cannot produce enough insulin

47
Q

type 2 diabetes mellitus

A

-non-insulin-dependent
-body is unable to use insulin
-insulin resistance

48
Q

nephr/o/pathy

A

kidney disease

49
Q

myxedema

A

advanced hypothyroidism in adults causing edema and increased blood pressure

50
Q

obesity

A

excessive accumulation of body fat that may lead to an adverse effect on health, body mass index is greater than 30

51
Q

osteoporosis

A

abnormal loss of bone density and deterioration of bone tissue with an increased risk of fractures

52
Q

fasting blood glucose

A

measures blood glucose levels following a fast of at least 8 hours

53
Q

glucose tolerance test

A

-measures blood glucose levels at regular intervals (usually 3 hours)
-used to diagnose diabetes mellitus with higher accuracy than other blood glucose tests

54
Q

glucometer

A

monitors blood glucose levels

55
Q

radioactive iodine uptake (raiu) test

A

-administration of raiu in pill or liquid form
-used as a tracer to test how quickly the thyroid gland uptakes iodine from the blood

56
Q

thyroid function test

A

-detects increase or decrease in thyroid function
-measures level of thyroid-stimulating hormone, triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4)

57
Q

hyp/o/calcemia

A

blood condition of deficient calcium

58
Q

hyp/er/calc/emia

A

blood condition of excessive calcium

59
Q

thym/oma

A

tumor of thymus gland

60
Q

thyromegaly

A

enlargement of the thyroid gland

61
Q

transsphenoidal hypophysectomy

A

-endoscopic procedure to remove a pituitary tumor
-incision of the sphenoid sinus (transsphenoidal) without disturbing brain tissue

62
Q

thymectomy

A

-excision of thymus gland
-used to remover tumors of thymus
-used in treatment of myasthenia gravis

63
Q

myasthenia gravis (mg)

A

commonly causes abnormalities of the thymus

64
Q

rapid absorption insulin injection sites

A
  1. abdomen
  2. upper arm
  3. thigh
65
Q

slower absorption insulin injection sites

A
  1. subcutaneous fat
  2. hip
  3. buttock area
66
Q

where can you not inject insulin?

A

within 2 inches of the navel

67
Q

lobectomy

A

surgical procedure to remove a lobe (of the thyroid)

68
Q

adrenal carcinoma

A

malignant tumor of the adrenal gland

69
Q

pheochromocytoma

A

tumor of the adrenal glands composed of chromaffin cells

70
Q

hypophysectomy

A

surgical removal of the pituitary tumor endoscopically (through the nose)

71
Q

hormone replacement therapy

A

-oral administration or injection of synthetic hormones
-corrects deficiency in estrogen, testosterone, or thyroid hormone

72
Q

oral hypoglycemics

A

stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic cells in non-insulin-dependent diabetics with some pancreatic function

Medical Vocab (14 decks)

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