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Medical Vocab > quiz 5 > Flashcards

quiz 5 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

cardi/o, coron/o

A

heart

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2
Q

angi/o/plasty

A

surgical repair of a vessel, surgical procedure that opens a blocked artery by inflating a small balloon within a catheter to widen and restore blood flow in the artery

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3
Q

arteries

A

large blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

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4
Q

capillaries

A

microscopic blood vessels joining arterioles and venules

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5
Q

congenital

A

pertaining to presence of a disorder at the time of birth, which may result from genetic or environmental causes

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6
Q

metabolism

A

sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place within an organism

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7
Q

vein

A

vessels that return deoxygenated blood to the heart

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8
Q

cardiovascular system

A

composed of the heart and blood vessels: arteries, capillaries, veins

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9
Q

endocardium

A

innermost layer that lines the heart and heart valves

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10
Q

myocardium

A

muscular layer

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11
Q

pericardium

A

outermost layer, membrane that surrounds the heart as the pericardial sac and secretes pericardial fluid

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12
Q

main function of the heart

A

pump blood through blood vessels to all the cells of the body

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13
Q

the heart structure that controls blood flow to and from the heart

A

heart valves

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14
Q

two major functions of the CV system

A

-delivers oxygen, nutrients, and other essential substances to body cells
-removes waste products of cellular metabolism

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15
Q

function of the CV system performed for the lymphatic system

A

transport excess fluid from the interstitial spaces in tissues and returns it to the blood

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16
Q

angi/o

A

vessel (usually blood or lymph)

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17
Q

aneurysm/o

A

widened blood vessel

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18
Q

aort/a

A

aorta

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19
Q

arteri/o

A

artery

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20
Q

arteriol/o

A

arteriole

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21
Q

ather/o

A

fatty plaque

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22
Q

atri/o

A

atrium

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23
Q

phleb/o, ven/o

A

vein

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24
Q

thromb/o

A

blood clot

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25
Q

varic/o

A

dilated vein

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26
Q

vas/o

A

vessel; vas deferens; duct

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27
Q

-cardia

A

heart conditon

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28
Q

-gram

A

record, writing

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29
Q

-graph

A

instrument for recording

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30
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

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31
Q

-graphy

A

process of recording

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32
Q

-oma

A

tumor

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33
Q

-stenosis

A

narrowing, stricture

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34
Q

-ectasis

A

dilation, expansion

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35
Q

tachy/cardia

A

rapid heart rate

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36
Q

aneurysm/o/rrhaphy

A

suture of a widened blood vessel

37
Q

arteriol/itis

A

inflammation of an arteriole

38
Q

atri/o/ventricul/ar

A

pertaining to the atrium and ventricle

39
Q

ather/o/scler/osis

A

abnormal condition of fatty plaque hardening

40
Q

thromb/o/lysis

A

destruction or loosening of a thrombus

41
Q

ather/oma

A

tumor of fatty plaque

42
Q

arteri/o/stenosis

A

narrowing or stricture of an artery

43
Q

cardi/o/logist

A

medical specialist in the heart (disease)

44
Q

cardi/o/megaly

A

enlargement of the heart

45
Q

electr/o/cardi/o/graphy

A

process of recording electrical activity of the heart

46
Q

embol/ectomy

A

excision of an embolus

47
Q

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

A

formation of a thrombus, usually in calf or thigh muscle, partial or complete block of blood flow, may cause pain but often asymptomatic

48
Q

anticoagulants

A

prevent future thrombi formation

49
Q

thrombolytics

A

dissolve blood clots

50
Q

coronary artery disease (CAD)

A

angina, shortness of breath (SOB), accumulation of plaque in arterial walls causing them to harden

51
Q

electrocardiogram (ECG), electrocardiography (ECG)

A

diagnostic test to record electrical activity of the heart

52
Q

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)

A

balloon angioplasty to crush fatty deposits in the coronary vessel and improve blood flow

53
Q

aneurysm

A

local dilation of an artery or chamber of the heart caused by weakening of its walls, may cause thrombus formation, hemorrhage from rupture, or ischemia

54
Q

fusiform

A

dilation of entire circumference of artery
spindle-shaped aneurysm

55
Q

saccular

A

shaped like a sac, bulging on only one side of arterial wall

56
Q

dissecting

A

inner layer tear (dissection) causes a cavity to form that fills with blood with each heartbeat

57
Q

hypotension

A

low blood pressure

58
Q

aneurys/mec/tomy

A

surgical procedure to excise an aneurysm

59
Q

varicose veins

A

defective or incompetent valves in veins prevent blood from flowing freely toward the heart, buildup of pressure in superficial veins causes varicosities

60
Q

sclerotherapy

A

a chemical injection into the varicosities to destroy and close the veins

61
Q

pulmonary embolism

A

blood clot (embolism) lodges in and occludes and artery in the pulmonary vasculature

62
Q

hemo/ptysis

A

spitting up blood with sputum

63
Q

arrhythmia, dysrhythmia

A

irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat

64
Q

bruit

A

soft blowing sound heard on auscultation caused by turbulent blood flow

65
Q

heart block

A

interference with normal transmission of electrical impulses through the conducting system of the heart

66
Q

heart failure (hf)

A

inability of the heart to circulate blood to meet the body’s metabolic needs effectively

67
Q

hypertension

A

consistently elevated blood pressure that is higher than 140/90 mm Hg causing damage to the blood vessels and ultimately the heart

68
Q

ischemia

A

inadequate supply of oxygenated blood to a body part as a results of an interruption of blood flow

69
Q

cardiac catheterization

A

catheter is guided into the heart via a vein or artery

70
Q

cardiac enzymes

A

test to measure levels of enzymes released into the blood during a myocardial infarction (MI)

71
Q

holter monitor

A

records ecg readings, usually for 24 hours, on portable tape recorder to document arrhythmias and link them to activities or to symptoms such as chest pain

72
Q

stress test

A

exercise tolerance test to determine the heart’s response to physical exertion (stress)

73
Q

doppler ultrasonography (us)

A

used to assess blood flow through blood vessels and the heart

74
Q

troponin 1

A

blood test that measures levels of proteins released into the blood when myocardial cells die (damaged heart muscle)

75
Q

ekg ecg

A

recording of electrical activity of the heart

76
Q

electrocardiogram

A

record of electrical (activity) of the heart

77
Q

ather/oma

A

tumor (composed of) fatty plaque

78
Q

venography, phlebography

A

process of recording (radiography) a vein

79
Q

thromb/o/lysis

A

separation or destruction of a blood clot

80
Q

aort/o/graphy

A

process of recording (radiography) the aorta

81
Q

arteri/o/scler/osis

A

abnormal condition of arterial (walls) hardening

82
Q

angi/o/graphy

A

process of recording (radiography) vessels (after injection of a contrast dye)

83
Q

automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD)

A

device implanted in a patient who is at high risk for developing a serious arrhythmia

84
Q

angi/o/plasty

A

any endovascular procedure that reopens narrowed blood vessels, restores blood flow, usually using balloon dilation

85
Q

coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

A

vein taken from leg or other part of the body is grafted onto the heart to circumvent an obstruction in a coronary artery

86
Q

valv/ulo/plasty

A

surgical repair or replacement of a valve

87
Q

beta blockers

A

decrease heart rate and dilate arteries by blocking beta receptors, treat angina pectoris and hypertension

88
Q

nitrates

A

treat angina pectoris (chest pain), dilate veins, which decreases the amount of work the heart must do, dilate arteries to decrease blood pressure

89
Q

statins

A

lower cholesterols levels in the blood, reduce cholesterol production the the liver, block the enzyme that produces cholesterol

Medical Vocab (14 decks)

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