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Medical Vocab > quiz 6 > Flashcards

quiz 6 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

main components of blood

A

plasma - a clear extracellular fluid
formed elements- erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets or thrombocytes

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2
Q

main functions of leukocytes

A

provide body defense against infection and aid in tissue repair

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3
Q

main function of platelets (thrombocytes)

A

provide a blood clotting mechanism when injuries cause bleeding

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4
Q

hem/o, hemat/o

A

blood

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5
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

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6
Q

erythr/o

A

red

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7
Q

leuk/o

A

white

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8
Q

thromb/o

A

blood clot

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9
Q

embol/o

A

embolus (plug)

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10
Q

agglutin/o

A

clumping, gluing

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11
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow; spinal cord

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12
Q

hem/o/phobia

A

fear of blood (or bleeding)

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13
Q

erythr/o/cyte

A

red blood cell

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14
Q

thromb/o/lysis

A

separation; destruction; loosening of a blood clot

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15
Q

macr/o/cyte

A

large blood cell

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16
Q

hemat/o/poiesis or hem/o/poiesis

A

formation, production of blood

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17
Q

hem/o/stasis

A

standing still of blood

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18
Q

leuk/o/cytes

A

cells that are white

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19
Q

hemat/oma

A

tumor composed of blood

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20
Q

thromb/oid

A

resembling a thrombus

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21
Q

phag/o/cyte

A

cell that swallows or eats (ingests)

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22
Q

thromb/osis

A

abnormal condition of a blood clot

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23
Q

structure of the lymphatic and immune systems

A

-lymph nodes
-lymph vessels and fluid
-lymphatic organs
-network of vessels that collects and purifies excess tissue fluid throughout the body

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24
Q

lymphatic organs

A

-tonsils
-thymus
-spleen

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25
Q

function of the lymphatic and immune system

A

-drain excess interstitial fluid from tissues and return it to the circulating blood
-absorb and transport digested fats to venous circulation
-produce lymphocytes and other immune cells that protect the body from injury and disease such as bacteria, viruses, and cancerous cells

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26
Q

lymph nodes

A

-small masses of lymph tissues
-also called lymph gland
-tend to occur in clusters or chains

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27
Q

location of major lymph node groups

A

-cervical (neck)
-axillary (armpit)
-inguinal (groin)

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28
Q

function of the lymph nodes

A

-lymph is filtered through these nodes as it passes through lymph vessels
-when bacteria accumulate in lymph nodes they become swollen and tender (bacterial infection)

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29
Q

spleen

A

-similar in structure and function to the lymph node but much larger in size
-filters lymph
-manufactures lymphocytes and monocytes
-destroys old erythrocytes
-stores new erythrocytes for release into the blood stream as needed
-not essential to life

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30
Q

thymus

A

secretes the hormone thymosin

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31
Q

thymosin

A

-secreted by the thymus
-stimulates red bone marrow to produce T lymphocytes (T cells)

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32
Q

T cells

A

-produced in the bone marrow
-provide a defense against disease
-attack and destroy foreign or abnormal cells

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33
Q

tonsils

A

-filter lymph
-destroy bacteria entering the mouth and throat

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34
Q

purpose of the lymphatic system

A

transport excess fluid from interstitial spaces in tissues and returns it to the blood and defends the body against foreign invaders and harmful substances

35
Q

purpose of leukocytes

A

-defend the body against foreign invaders and harmful agents

36
Q

tonsill/o

A

tonsil

37
Q

cervic/o

A

neck

38
Q

thym/o

A

thymus

39
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

40
Q

lymph/angi/o

A

lymph vessel

41
Q

immun/o

A

immune; immunity; safe

42
Q

lymphaden/o

A

lymph gland (node)

43
Q

aden/o

A

gland

44
Q

lymph/o

A

lymph

45
Q

phag/o

A

swallowing, eating

46
Q

-oma

A

tumor

47
Q

-phylaxis

A

protection

48
Q

-poiesis

A

formation, production

49
Q

thym/oma

A

tumor of the thymus gland

50
Q

phag/o/cyte

A

cell that swallows or eats (ingests)

51
Q

lymph/o/poiesis

A

formation or production of lymph

52
Q

lymphangi/oma

A

tumor of a lymph vessel

53
Q

agglutin/ation

A

process of clumping, gluing

54
Q

immun/o/logy

A

study of immunity

55
Q

splen/o/megaly

A

enlargement of the spleen

56
Q

lymph/oma

A

tumor (composed of) lymph

57
Q

lymphaden/itis or lymph/aden/itis

A

inflammation of a lymph gland (node)

58
Q

lymphaden/o/pathy or lymph/adeno/pathy

A

disease of lymph glands

59
Q

immun/o/logist

A

specialist in the study of immunity

60
Q

thym/oma

A

tumor of the thymus gland

61
Q

leukemia

A

malignancy of the blood-forming tissues of the bone marrow

62
Q

hepat/o/meglay

A

enlargement of the liver

63
Q

lymphedema

A

abnormal accumulation of lymph, usually in the extremities

64
Q

mastec/tomy

A

removal of the breast

65
Q

eryth/ema

A

swollen, red area of the skin that feels and tender

66
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

A

-chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease
-unusual antibodies in the blood that target tissues of the body
-inflames and damages connective tissue anywhere in the body

67
Q

corticosteroids

A

drugs that reduce inflammation

68
Q

immunosuppressives

A

drugs to suppress the immune system

69
Q

kaposi sarcoma

A

-lymphatic malignancy
-composed of multiple red or purple macules, papules, or nodules on skin and mucous membranes
-closely associated with HIV infection

70
Q

hodgkin diesease

A

malignant disease characterized by painless, progressive enlargement of lymphoid tissue, splenomegaly, and the presence of unique Reed-Sternberg cells in the lymph nodes

71
Q

lymphadenitis

A

inflammation and enlargement of the lymph nodes, usually a result of infection

72
Q

mononucleosis

A

acute infection caused by Epstein-Barr virus characterized by a sore throat, fever, fatigue, and enlarged lymph nodes

73
Q

pathogen

A

any disease-producing microorganism, including virus, bacteria, and fungus

74
Q

bone marrow aspiration

A

-withdrawn for microscopic evaluation (usually from pelvic bone)
-used for stem cell transplant or chromosomal analysis
-used to determine if a known cancer has spread to the bone marrow

75
Q

ELISA

A

-blood test that detects antibodies in blood
-screening for an antibody to the AIDS virus

76
Q

tissue typing, histocompatibility testing

A

-used to determine histocompatibility of tissues
-used in grafts and transplants with recipient’s tissues and cells

77
Q

lymph/o/scarc/oma

A

tumor of lymph that is fleshy (cancerous)

78
Q

lymph/angio/graphy

A

process of recording lymph vessel(s)

79
Q

lymph/aden/o/graphy

A

process of recording lymph gland(s)

80
Q

splen/o/pexy

A

surgical fixation of the spleen

81
Q

bone marrow transplant

A

infusion of healthy bone marrow stem cells after diseased bone marrow is destroyed by chemotherapy or radiation

82
Q

lymph/angi/ec/tomy

A

excision of one or more lymphatic vessels, usually because of cancer

83
Q

antivirals

A

inhibit development of specific viruses

84
Q

anticoagulants

A

prevent or delay blood coagulation

Medical Vocab (14 decks)

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