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Medical Vocab > quiz 8 > Flashcards

quiz 8 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

kidneys

A

-primary functional organs of the urinary system
-filter urea and other waste products from the blood
-shaped like a kidney bean
-maintain proper balance of water and electrolytes in the body by removing waste products of metabolism from blood through urine formation

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2
Q

kidney structure

A

-shaped like a kidney bean
-outer layer: renal cortex
-inner layer: renal medulla
-renal artery

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3
Q

renal artery

A

branches into smaller and smaller arteries eventually forming units called nephrons

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4
Q

nephrons

A

-microscopic function unit of the kidney
-forms urine in renal corpuscles and tubules by process of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

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5
Q

renal corpuscle

A

consists of glomerulus and bowman capsule at the site of filtration

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6
Q

glomerulus

A

cluster of capillaries

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7
Q

bowman capsule

A

absorb waste-containing fluids (filtrate)

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8
Q

renal tubule

A

-where urine formation is completed
-urine flows from here to the renal pelvis

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9
Q

renal pelvis

A

-one per kidney
-receives urine from the renal tubule
-narrows to form a ureter

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10
Q

ureter

A

-12 in. long tube that connect the renal pelvis to the bladder
-urine is pushed from the kidneys into the urinary bladder by contraction of the ureter muscles

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11
Q

bladder

A

-hollow, muscular sac in the pelvic cavity
-serves as a temporary reservoir for urine
-expands as urine collects and contracts when urine is excreted

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12
Q

urethra

A

-tube extending from the bladder to the external opening (urinary meatus)
-serves as a passageway for excretion of urine from the bladder

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13
Q

urinary meatus

A

external opening from the bladder

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14
Q

voiding, micturition

A

processing of excreting urine

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15
Q

four organs of the urinary system

A
  1. kidneys
  2. ureters
  3. bladder
  4. urethra
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16
Q

main function of the kidneys

A

remove toxic products from blood by forming urine

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17
Q

nephr/o, ren/o

A

kidney

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18
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

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19
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

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20
Q

cyst/o, vesic/o

A

bladder

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21
Q

ur/o, urin/o

A

urine, urinary tract

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22
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

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23
Q

meat/o

A

meatus, opening

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24
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus

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25
Q

-emia

A

blood

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26
Q

-iasis

A

abnormal condition (produced by something specified)

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27
Q

-lysis

A

separation, destruction, loosening

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28
Q

-pathy

A

disease

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29
Q

-pexy

A

fixation (of an organ)

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30
Q

-ptosis

A

prolapse, downward displacement

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31
Q

-tripsy

A

crushing

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32
Q

cyst/o/scope

A

instrument to examine the bladder

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33
Q

pyel/itis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis

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34
Q

urethr/o/stenosis

A

narrowing or stricture of the urethra

35
Q

meat/o/tomy

A

incision of the meatus

36
Q

lith/o/tripsy

A

crushing of a calculus or stone

37
Q

glomerul/o/nephr/itis

A

inflammation of the glomerulus and kidney

38
Q

nephr/o/pexy

A

fixation of a kidney

39
Q

poly/uria

A

excessive urination

40
Q

olig/uria

A

scanty urine

41
Q

ur/o/lith

A

stone or calculus in urinary tract

42
Q

pyel/o/pathy

A

disease of the renal pelvis

43
Q

nephr/oma

A

tumor of the kidney

44
Q

hemat/uria

A

urine with blood

45
Q

py/uria

A

urine with pus

46
Q

ESRD

A

end-stage renal disease
-irreversible stage with gradual, progressive deterioration of kidney function
-kidneys lose ability to excrete nitrogenous end products of metabolism
-usually the result of crf
-affects all symptoms

47
Q

crf

A

chronic renal failure
-gradual, progressive deterioration of kidney function tot he point that the kidneys cannot sustain their necessary day-to-day activity

48
Q

anorexia

A

loss of appetite

49
Q

py/o/nephr/osis

A

inflammatory condition caused by accumulation of pus in the kidneys

50
Q

renal calculi

A

concentration of mineral salts in the renal pelvis, in the calices of the kidney, or in the urinary tract

51
Q

lith/o/tomy

A

removal of kidney stones

52
Q

nephr/algia, nephr/o/dynia

A

pain in the kidney area

53
Q

dys/uria

A

painful or difficult urination

54
Q

ultrasound

A

imaging procedure that uses high-frequency sound waves

55
Q

hydronephrosis

A

distention of renal pelvis and calices caused by pressure from accumulating urine that may eventually impair and interrupt kidney function

56
Q

an/uria

A

lack of urination

57
Q

edema

A

swelling

58
Q

nephr/o/megaly

A

enlargement of the kidney

59
Q

pyel/o/plasty

A

surgical repair of the renal pelvis

60
Q

azoturia

A

increase of nitrogenous substances, especially urea, in urine

61
Q

diuresis

A

increased formation and secretion of urine

62
Q

hypospadia

A

abnormal congenital opening of the male urethra on the undersurface of the penis

63
Q

polycystic kidney diease

A

hereditary condition in which the kidneys are enlarged and contain many cysts that develop over time, requiring dialysis or kidney transplantaion

64
Q

uremia

A

increase in concentration of urea and other nitrogenous wastes in the blood

65
Q

wilms tumor

A

malignant neoplasm of the kidney that occurs in young children, usually before age 5

66
Q

cyst/o/scopy

A

examination of urinary bladder
-perform, remove tumors or polyps
-obtain evidence of pathology

67
Q

bladder ultrasonography

A

-high-frequency sound waves produce images of the bladder
-determines bladder volume
-identifies incomplete bladder emptying

68
Q

blood urea nitrogen (bun)

A

-laboratory test that determines amount of nitrogen in blood that comes from urea
-used as an indicator of kidney function

69
Q

urinalysis

A

-urine screening test
-includes physical observation, chemical tests, and microscopic evaluation

70
Q

voiding cystourethrography

A

-x-ray of the bladder and urethra
-performed before, during, and after voiding using a contrast medium to enhance imaging

71
Q

cyst/o/urethr/o/graphy

A

process of recording (radiography) the bladder and urethra

72
Q

pyel/o/graphy

A

process of recording (radiography) the renal pelvis

73
Q

pyel/o/plasty

A

surgical repair of the renal pelvis

74
Q

urethr/o/tomy

A

incision of the urethra

75
Q

protein/uria

A

protein in urine

76
Q

catheterization

A

-insertion of a catheter into a body cavity or organ
-used to instill a substance or remove fluid
-most commonly performed through urethra into the bladder to withdraw urine

77
Q

hemodialysis

A

patient’s blood is diverted into a dialysis machine for filtering

78
Q

peritoneal dialysis

A

dialysis in which a patient’s own peritoneum is used as the dialyzing membrane

79
Q

extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (eswl)

A

-powerful sound-wave vibration break up calculi in urinary tract or gallbladder
-administration of an oral dissolution drug removes stones and their fragments during urination

80
Q

renal transplantation

A

diseased kidneys replaced by transplanted kidney

81
Q

antibiotics

A

-treat bacterial infection of urinary tract
-act on the bacterial membrane or one of its metabolic processes

82
Q

antispasmodics

A

suppress spasms in ureter, bladder, and urethra by relaxing smooth muscles lining their walls

83
Q

diuretics

A

promotes and increase excretion of urine

Medical Vocab (14 decks)

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