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Medical Vocab > quiz 12 > Flashcards

quiz 12 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

three types of muscles

A

-skeletal
-smooth
-cardiac

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2
Q

functions of muscles

A

-provide contraction that allows body movement
-provide body posture
-help passage and elimination of food
-help propel blood through arteries and other vessels
-provide contraction of bladder to eliminate urine

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3
Q

human skeleton

A

-consists of 206 individual bones
-composed of bones, cartilages, joints, and ligaments

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4
Q

axial skeleton

A

-forms the long axis of the body
-skull, rib cage, vertebral column

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5
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

-attaches limbs to the axial skeleton
-upper and lower limbs and girdles (shoulder and hip bones)

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6
Q

bones

A

-provide a skeletal framework to support and protect the body
-point of attachment with muscles
-store calcium and other minerals

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7
Q

four types of bones

A
  1. short
  2. irregular
  3. flat
  4. long
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8
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft, or long portion, of the long bone

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9
Q

distal and proximal epiphysis

A

two ends of the bone

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10
Q

tendons

A

fibrous connective tissue, binds muscle to bone

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11
Q

ligaments

A

fibrous connective tissue, binds bone to bones, holds structures together to keep them stable

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12
Q

muscul/o, my/o

A

muscle

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13
Q

leiomy/o

A

smooth muscle (visceral)

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14
Q

lumb/o

A

loins (lower back)

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15
Q

tendin/o

A

tendon

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16
Q

crani/o

A

cranium

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17
Q

femor/o

A

femur

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18
Q

patell/o

A

patella

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19
Q

tibi/o

A

tibia

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20
Q

pelv/o, pelv/i

A

pelvis

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21
Q

scapul/o

A

scapula

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22
Q

vertebr/o

A

vertebra

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23
Q

stern/o

A

sternum

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24
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

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25
Q

cost/o

A

ribs

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26
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

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27
Q

orth/o

A

straight

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28
Q

oste/o

A

bone

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29
Q

thorac/o

A

chest

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30
Q

spondyl/o, vertebr/o

A

vertebrae (backbone)

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31
Q

cost/o/chondr/itis

A

inflammation of ribs and cartilage

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32
Q

pelv/i/metry

A

act of measuring the pelvis

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33
Q

my/o/sarcoma

A

malignant tumor of connective tissue and muscle

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34
Q

oste/o/clast

A

cell that breaks down bone

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35
Q

peri/oste/itis

A

inflammation around bone

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36
Q

sub/cost/al

A

pertaining to under or below the ribs

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37
Q

stern/o/cost/al

A

pertaining to the sternum (breastbone) and ribs

38
Q

calcane/o/dynia

A

pain in the calcaneum (heel bone)

39
Q

oste/o/porosis

A

porous bone

40
Q

my/oma

A

tumor (composed) of muscle

41
Q

arthr/o/desis

A

binding, fixation (of a bone or joint)

42
Q

my/o/rrhexis

A

rupture of muscle

43
Q

ankyl/osis

A

abnormal condition of being stiff, bent, or crooked

44
Q

my/asthenia

A

weakness or debility of muscle

45
Q

chondr/o/malacia

A

softening of cartilage

46
Q

arthr/o/scopy

A

visual examination of a joint

47
Q

leio/my/oma

A

tumor (composed of) smooth muscle

48
Q

inter/vertebr/al

A

pertaining to (the area) between (two) vertebrae

49
Q

fractures

A

-injury or break of a bone
-pain, swelling, bruising, and deformity at site of fracture
-loss of movement, function, muscle spasm, hemorrhage, and shock

50
Q

closed (simple) fracture

A

break with no external skin wound

51
Q

open (compound) fracture

A

break with external wound
-leads to fracture site with piece of bone protruding through skin

52
Q

complicated fracture

A

broken bone injures internal organ, such as the lung

53
Q

comminuted fracture

A

bone broken or splintered into pieces

54
Q

impacted fracture

A

end of broken bone wedged into interior of another bone

55
Q

incomplete fracture

A

fracture does not include whole bone

56
Q

greenstick fracture

A

break in which bone is partially bent and split
-occurs most commonly in children, especially children with rickets or adults with soft bones

57
Q

colles fracture

A

-break in lower end of radius
-commonly occurs when wrist is extended to break a fall

58
Q

internal fixation

A

inserting pins and screws to immobilize and aligns bones

59
Q

closed reduction

A

realign bones and immobilization with a cast

60
Q

herniated disk or prolapsed disk

A

herniation of the nucleus pulposus (center of gelatinous material within an intervertebral disk) between two vertebrae

61
Q

paresthesia

A

numbness and burning feeling

62
Q

laminectomy

A

surgical removal of the vertebral posterior arch

63
Q

traction

A

used of weights and pulleys to immobilize the site and facilitate healing

64
Q

rheumatoid arthritis (ra)

A

autoimmune disease in which immune system attacks its own cartilage and connective tissues

65
Q

nsaid

A

relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce inflammation

66
Q

talipes equinovarus or clubfoot

A

-congenital deformity
-heel of the foot is unable to rest on the ground

67
Q

osteomyelitis

A

infected bone and bone marrow

68
Q

necrosis

A

tissue death

69
Q

gout

A

-metabolic disease
-one or more severely inflamed joints resulting from deposits and buildup of uric acid crystals

70
Q

hyperuricemia

A

excess uric acid in blood

71
Q

contracture

A

fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint

72
Q

crepitation

A

grating sound made by movement of bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction

73
Q

dystrophy

A

progressive degeneration of a body tissue such as muscle, caused by inadequate nourishment of the affected area

74
Q

kyphosis aka hunchback

A

increased curvature of the thoracic region of the vertebral column leading to a humpback posture

75
Q

subluxation

A

partial or complete dislocation

76
Q

torticollis

A

spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles causing stiffness and twisting of the neck

77
Q

arthroscopy

A

visual examination of interior of a joint performed by inserting an endoscope through a small incision

78
Q

myelography

A

radiography of spinal cord after injection contrasts medium to identify and study spinal distortions caused by tumors, cysts, herniated intervertebral disks, or other lesions

79
Q

rheumatoid factor

A

blood test to detect presence of rheumatoid factor, a substance present in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

80
Q

arthroscopy

A

visual examination of a joint

81
Q

cervicofacial

A

pertaining to the neck and face

82
Q

osteoarthropathy

A

disease of bones and joints

83
Q

myorrhaphy

A

suture of muscle

84
Q

myeloma

A

tumor of bone marrow

85
Q

myelosarcoma

A

sarcoma of bone marrow

86
Q

total hip arthroplasty

A

-replacement of hip joint
-damaged by degenerative disease, commonly arthritis
-replacement of femoral head and acetabulum with a prosthesis fastened into the bone as illustrated

87
Q

amputation

A

partial or complete removal of an extremity secondary to trauma or circulatory disease

88
Q

arthrocentesis

A

puncture of a joint space using a needle to remove accumulated fluid

89
Q

myoplasty

A

surgical repair of the muscle

90
Q

bone reabsorption inhibitors

A

-reduce reabsorption of bone
-used to treat weak and fragile bones as seen in osteoporosis and paget disease

91
Q

gold salts

A

inhibit activity within immune system by preventing further disease progression

Medical Vocab (14 decks)

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