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Medical Vocab > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Order of organizational levels

A

cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism

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2
Q

cellular level

A

smallest structural and functional unit of the body molecules combined to form cells

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3
Q

tissue level

A

groups of cells that work together to perform a specialized function

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4
Q

organ level

A

structures that are composed of two or more different types of tissue; specific function and recognizable shape

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5
Q

system level

A

related organs with a common function

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6
Q

organism level

A

collection of body systems that makes up the most complex level, all parts functioning together constitute the total organism

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7
Q

anterior (ventral)

A

front of the body; toward the front

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8
Q

posterior (dorsal)

A

back of the body; toward the back

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9
Q

inferior (caudal)

A

below or lower; toward the tail

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10
Q

superior (cephalic, cranial)

A

above or higher; toward the head

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11
Q

proximal

A

near the point of attachment to the trunk or a structure

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12
Q

distal

A

farther from the point of attachment to the trunk or a structure

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13
Q

lateral

A

pertaining to the side; toward the side

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14
Q

medial

A

pertaining to the middle; toward the midline

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15
Q

median (midsagittal) plane

A

vertical plane that passes through the midline of the body and divides the body or organ into equal right and left sides

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16
Q

frontal (coronal) plane

A

plane that divides he body into anterior and posterior portions

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17
Q

horizontal (transverse) plane

A

plane that separates the body into superior and inferior portions

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18
Q

body cavities

A

protect, separate, and support internal organs

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19
Q

dorsal (posterior) cavity

A

divided into cranial and spinal
contains the brain and spinal cord

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20
Q

ventral (anterior) cavity

A

divided into thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic (abdominopelvic)

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21
Q

thoracic cavity

A

contains lungs and heart

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22
Q

abdominopelvic cavity

A

subdivided into abdominal and pelvic cavity
contains organs of the digestive and reproductive system

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23
Q

quadrants

A

locate specific sites of abdominal organs
four sections

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24
Q

RUQ

A

right upper quadrant
contains the right lobe of the liver, the gallbladder, part of the pancreas, and part of the small and large intestine

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25
Q

RLQ

A

right lower quadrant
contains part of the small and large intestine, the appendix, the right ovary, the right fallopian tube, and the right ureter

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26
Q

LUQ

A

left upper quadrant
contains the left lobe of the liver, the stomach, the spleen, part of the pancreas, and part of the small and large intestine

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27
Q

LLQ

A

left lower quadrant
contains part of the small and large intestine, the left ovary, the left fallopian tube, and the left ureter

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28
Q

Abdominopelvic regions

A

used to locate organs, origin of pain, and pathologies

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29
Q

right hypochondriac

A

upper right region located under the cartilage of the ribs

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30
Q

left hypochondriac

A

upper left region located under the cartilage of the ribs

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31
Q

right lumbar

A

middle right region located near the waist

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32
Q

left lumbar

A

middle left region located near the waist

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33
Q

right iliac (inguinal)

A

lower right region located near the groin

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34
Q

left iliac (inguinal)

A

lower left region located near the groin

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35
Q

epigastric

A

middle region located above the stomach

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36
Q

umbilical

A

middle region located in the area of umbilicus, or navel

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37
Q

hypogastric

A

lower middle region located below the stomach and umbilical region

38
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

39
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

40
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

41
Q

nucle/o

A

nucleus

42
Q

super/o

A

upper, above

43
Q

infer/o

A

lower, below

44
Q

later/o

A

side, to one side

45
Q

anter/o

A

anterior, front

46
Q

poster/p

A

back (of body), behind, posterior

47
Q

medi/o

A

middle

48
Q

ventr/o

A

belly, belly side

49
Q

cado/o

A

tail

50
Q

cephal/o

A

head

51
Q

cervic/o

A

neck; cervix uteri (neck of uterus)

52
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

53
Q

thorac/o

A

chest

54
Q

umbilic/al

A

around the umbilicus (navel)

55
Q

epigastr/ic

A

above the stomach

56
Q

hypo/gastr/ic

A

beneath the umbilicus

57
Q

left inguin/al

A

on left lower side near the groin (ileus)

58
Q

right lumb/ar

A

on right middle side near the waist

59
Q

cyt/o/meter

A

instrument to measure cells

60
Q

medi/ad

A

toward the middle

61
Q

hist/o/lysis

A

separation, destruction, or loosening of tissue

62
Q

thorac/ic

A

pertaining to the chest

63
Q

cervic/al

A

pertaining to the neck

64
Q

peri/umbilic/al

A

pertaining to area around the umbilicus

65
Q

crani/o/meter

A

instrument to measure the cranium (skull)

66
Q

chondr/oma

A

tumor composed of cartilage

67
Q

gastr/istis

A

inflammation of the stomach

68
Q

adhesion

A

band of scar tissue binding anatomical surfaces that are normally separate from each other

69
Q

endoscopy

A

visual examination of the interior of organs and cavities with a specialized lighted instrument called an endoscope

70
Q

fluoroscopy

A

radiographic technique that uses a fluorescent screen to produce a visual image from x-rays resulting in continuous imaging of the motion of internal structures and immediate serial images

71
Q

inflammation

A

protective response of body tissues to irritation, infection, or allergy

72
Q

sepsis

A

body’s inflammatory response to infection, in which there is fever, elevated heart and respiratory rates, and low blood pressure

73
Q

ultrasonography

A

imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) that bounce off body tissues and are recorded to produce an image of an internal organ or tissue

74
Q

endoscopy

A

visual examination of an organ or cavity with and endoscope
used for biopsy, coagulation, and fluid aspiration

75
Q

radiograph (x-ray)

A

ionizing radiation waves (x-ray) pass through the body onto a photographic film to produce and image of internal structures
radiopaque dye may be required for radiographs of soft tissue

76
Q

magnetic resonance imagine (mri)

A

radiographic procedure that uses electromagnetic energy to produce multiplanar cross-sectional images of the body
exceptional detail of soft tissues

77
Q

ultrasound (us)

A

ultra-high-frequency sound waves emitted by a transducer or probe to produce an image of a body structure on a computer screen
handheld us transducer emits sound waves as it is moved back and forth over the organ or structure examined
sound transmission optimized with gel placed on the skin, possible to place us probes inside a body cavity

78
Q

positron emission tomography (pet)

A

radioactive chemical (tracer) is introduced into the body
tracer accumulates in the most rapidly metabolizing tissues
positively charged particles (positrons) emitted in a body region and detected by a device called a gamma camera to produce an image
identification of areas of increased and decreased metabolic activity
areas of increased metabolism possibly indicate a tumor, areas of decreased metabolism possible indicated Alzheimers, Parkinsons, or epilepsy

79
Q

endo/scopy

A

visual examination within (an organ)

80
Q

ultra/son/o/graphy

A

process of recording (images using frequencies) beyond sound

81
Q

gastr/o/scope

A

instrument for examining the stomach

82
Q

endo/scope

A

instrument to examine within (the body)

83
Q

tom/o/graphy

A

process of recording cuts (slices of organs or tissues)

84
Q

cyt/o/logist

A

specialist in the study of cells

85
Q

hemat/o/logy

A

study of blood

86
Q

therm/o/meter

A

instrument for measuring heat

87
Q

radi/o/logist

A

specialist int he study of x-rays

88
Q

gastr/o/logy

A

study of stomach disorders

89
Q

anastomosis

A

surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow the flow from one to the other

90
Q

cauterize

A

process of burning abnormal tissue with electricity, freezing, heat, or chemicals (silver nitrate)
usually performed to destroy damaged or diseased tissues or coagulate blood vessels

Medical Vocab (14 decks)

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