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quiz 8 study Flashcards

chapter 35 smartbook

1
Q

What are the two systems that comprise a flowering plant?

A
  • Root system
  • Shoot system
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2
Q

Roots and shots group at their tips which are also known as ________

A

apices

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3
Q

In addition to stems and leaves, the shoot system is responsible for the production of _________ for reproduction, and ultimately, fruits and ______

A
  • flowers
  • seeds
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4
Q

The plant body is protected by _______ tissue, while water and food is transported by _____ tissue

A
  • dermal
  • vascular
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5
Q

Roots, shoots and leaves contain three types of tissues: dermal, _______, and _______ tissues

A
  • ground
  • vascular
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6
Q

In adult plants, cell division is concentrated in regions called ________

A

meristems

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7
Q

Select the true statements about the growth patterns of plant roots and shoots

A
  • Shoots grow at their apices
  • Roots grow at their tips
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8
Q

One function of the root system is to efficiently take up both water and ______

A

minerals

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9
Q

Which meristem contributes to the elongation of shoots and roots?

A

The apical meristem

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10
Q

Dermal tissue

A

Protection

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11
Q

Group tissue

A

Water transport

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12
Q

Vascular tissue

A

Storage

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13
Q

Select all basic types of tissues found in plants

A
  • Ground
  • Vascular
  • Dermal
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14
Q

Where are apical meristems located?

A

At the tips of stems and roots

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15
Q

Describe the nature of meristems

A
  • They are composed of undifferentiated cells
  • Cells in meristems can divide an indefinite number of times
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16
Q

Secondary phloem is located

A

near the outer surface of a woody stem

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17
Q

In a woody stem, the lateral meristem is

A

located in a cylinder that encircles the stem

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18
Q

The first dermal tissue formed is called ________

A

epiderms

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19
Q

In a woody stem, the tissue just inside the vascular cambium is secondary

A

xylem

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20
Q

The outer bark of a tree is produced by which of the following

A

The cork cambium

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21
Q

The fatty cutin layer covering the epidermis is called the _______

A

cuticle

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22
Q

The increase in shoot and root diameter in woody plants is called _______ growth

A

secondary

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23
Q

Wood is composed of secondary _______

A

xylem

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24
Q

The epidermis drives from which of the following

A

Apical meristem

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25
Q

Stomata are flanked by two _______ cells

A

guard

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26
Q

The vascular cambium produces

A

phloem to the outside and xylem to the inside

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27
Q

Stomata allow carbon dioxide to enter leaves, while allowing water vapor and _____ to exit leaves

A

oxygen

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28
Q

The cuticle is a layer made of the fatty substance ______ covering the epidermis

A

cutin

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29
Q

Secondary growth refers to increase in diameter due to ______ meristems

A

lateral

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30
Q

Why do most plants have more stomata on the lower epidermis of their leaves?

A

In order to minimize water loss

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31
Q

What are the features of parenchyma cells

A
  • Initially spherical, at maturity often with a different shape, often with 11 to 17 sides
  • Having living protoplast
  • Large vacuoles
  • Thin cell walls
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32
Q

The main function of root hairs is to

A

absorb water and minerals

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33
Q

Which functions are typically performed by ground tissue cells

A
  • Photosynthesis
  • Support
  • Storage
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34
Q

What are the functions of trichomes

A
  • They protect plants against UV radiation
  • They provide a buffer against temperature fluctuations
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35
Q

The tmm gene encodes a ________ - bound receptor that is part of a signaling pathway responsible for guard cell formation

A

membrane

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36
Q

Ground tissue cells that have large vacuoles and typically lack secondary walls are called _____ cells

A

parenchyma

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37
Q

Water and nutrients are absorbed from the soil by extension of the epidermal cells called root _____

A

hairs

38
Q

The functions of storage, photosynthesis, secretion, support and protection are carried out by _____ tissue

A

ground

39
Q

Leaves with dense trichomes

A

do not lose as much water as those with sparse trichomes

40
Q

What are the functions of parenchyma cells

A
  • Photosynthesis
  • Storage
  • Secretion
41
Q

Studies of the tmm mutation have provided insights into which of the following

A

The formation of stomata

42
Q

The main function of root hairs is to

A

absorb water and minerals

43
Q

Which functions are typically performed by ground tissue cells

A
  • Storage
  • Photosynthesis
  • Support
44
Q

Parenchyma cells function in

A

photosynthesis, storage and secretion

45
Q

Chlorenchyma cells are a specialized type of which of the following?

A

Parenchyma

46
Q

Describe the ends of vessel members

A

They may lack cell walls

47
Q

What are the functions of xylem

A
  • Water transport
  • Mineral transport
  • Structural support
48
Q

Which components are dead when functional

A
  • Tracheids
  • Vessel elements
49
Q

The diffusion of water vapor from a plant is known as ______

A

transpiration

50
Q

Sclerenchyma cells that are not elongated, but are often branched, are called ______

A

sclereids

51
Q

The main food- conducting tissue in plants is called the _______

A

phloem

52
Q

Tracheids contain small, rounded areas where no secondary wall has been deposited, called _______

A

pits

53
Q

In addition to transporting water and minerals through the plant, what is another function of xylem

A

Structural support

54
Q

Which describes vessel elements and tracheids at maturity

A

Dead

55
Q

In the process of ______, water vapor diffuses out of the plant, mostly through the stomata

A

transpiration

56
Q

What is the function of phloem in plants

A

Food-conduction

57
Q

Describe the ends of vessel members

A

They may lack cell walls

58
Q

What are the functions of xylem

A
  • Structural support
  • Mineral transport
  • Water transport
59
Q

What are two conducting cells in phloem

A
  • Sieve-tube elements
  • Sieve cells
60
Q

Which components are dead when functional

A
  • Vessel elements
  • Tracheids
61
Q

Roots cells grow in size mainly in the zone of

A

elongation

62
Q

Within a root, cells in the region of cell ________ divide every 12 to 37 hours, often coordinately.

A

division

63
Q

Root hairs greatly increase the _______ ______ of a root. This results in a correspondingly high capacity for water and nutrient uptake.

A
  • surface
  • area
64
Q

Select all features of rapidly dividing meristem cells in the zone of cell division of a root.

A
  • Large, centrally located nuclei
  • Small vacuoles
  • Cuboidal shape
65
Q

How does the zone of elongation contribute to the lengthening of roots?

A

Cells in the zone of elongation become several times longer than wide

66
Q

Endodermal cells produce ______ strips, which block movement of water betwen cells

A

Casparian

67
Q

In roots, above the zone of _______, root cells no longer grow in size

A

elongation

68
Q

The absorptive capacity of a root is enhanced by the large surface area provided by root _________

A

hairs

69
Q

Rapidly dividing cells in the root zone of cell division are usually in shape

A

cuboidal

70
Q

Name the structures which block transport between cells of the endodermis, thus ensuring that the only way for water to cross the endodermis is through the plasma membranes of cells

A

Casparian strips

71
Q

Root cells grow in size mainly in the zone of

A

elongation

72
Q

What are the functions of pericycle

A
  • Gives rise to lateral meristems
  • Gives rise to lateral roots
73
Q

Where is the primary xylem of eudicot roots typically located

A

In the center of the root as a solid core

74
Q

Endodermal cells produce _______ strips, which block movement of water between cells

A

casparian

75
Q

The absorptive capacity of a root is enhanced by the large surface area provided by root _________

A

hairs

76
Q

The part of a stem where leaves are attached is called a(n) _________

A

node

77
Q

IN monocots and a few eudicots, the primary xylem in the root is located in discrete vascular ______ arranged in a ring which surrounds the _______

A
  • bundles
  • pith
78
Q

Leaves can be arranged around the stem in a spiral, in ______ or in _____

A
  • pairs
  • whorls
79
Q

The buds located at the angle between a leaf’s petiole and the stem are called

A

axillary buds

80
Q

What is the most common arrangement of leaves around stems?

A

In a spiral

81
Q

Neither monocots nor herbaceous eudicots have cork ______ in their stems, therefore they cannot produce bark

A

cambium

82
Q

In eudicots, the two lateral meristems in the roots originate within the ______

A

pericycle

83
Q

How are monocots and eudicots different in the organization of their stem vascular bundles

A

Monocots have scattered bundles, while eudicots have bundles in a ring

84
Q

The portion of the stem between two nodes is called a(n) ________

A

internode

85
Q

How is the primary xylem of monocot roots typically arranged

A

As discrete bundles, arranged in a ring around the central pith

86
Q

The angle between a leaf’s petiole and the stem is called the _______

A

axil

87
Q

What are the features of monocot and herbaceous eudicot stems

A
  • They have green, photosynthetic, stems
  • They do not have cork cambium
  • They may not have various types of trichomes
88
Q

These structures are scattered throughout the ground tissue system in monocot stems, while in eudicots, they are arranged in a ring

A

vascular cambia

89
Q

The part of a stem where leaves are attached is called a(n) _________

A

node

90
Q

In monocots and a few eudicots, the primary xylem in the root is located in discrete vascular ______ arranged in a ring which surrounds the ________

A
  • bundles
  • pith

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