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quiz 7 study Flashcards

chapter 30 smartbook

1
Q

What can be derived from seed plants?

A
  • Fuels
  • Building materials
  • Pharmaceuticals
  • Food
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2
Q

Gene duplications that are associated with the diversification of seed plants from their seedless plant ancestor are thought to involve

A

duplications of the whole genome

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3
Q

In seed plants, the union of a female gamete with a male gamete produces a(n)

A

zygote

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4
Q

In regards to humans, seed plants affect

A

nearly every aspect of our lives

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5
Q

Because seeds can remain dormant, they allow plants to

A

survive in unpredictable conditions

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6
Q

Very large numbers of gene duplications occurred around the same time that

A

early seed plants began to diversify from their seedless ancestor and also when angiosperms began to appear

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7
Q

Select all components of a fertilized angiosperm ovule

A
  • Embryo
  • Integument
  • Endosperm
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8
Q

The male gametophyte in seed plants is called a

A

pollen grain

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9
Q

In seed plants the embryo

A

and protective integument create the ovule

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10
Q

Within the ovule of seed plants, meiosis occurs in the _____

A

megasporangium

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11
Q

In some seed-bearing plants, the need for water during fertilization has been eliminated because the sperm moves to the egg by traveling through a(n) _______ _______

A

pollen tube

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12
Q

If environmental conditions are unfavorable, seeds can remain inactive in state of ______ until conditions improve

A

dormancy

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13
Q

The male gametophyte of seed plants differs from that of the seedless plants because in seed plants

A

the entire male gametophyte moves to the female gametophyte, rather than just the sperm

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14
Q

What immediately and completely encloses the ovules of angiosperms?

A

Diploid sporophyte tissue

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15
Q

Pollen grains are tiny male _____ that carry sperm

A

gametophytes

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16
Q

The production of a pollen tube eliminates the need for

A

water during fertilization

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17
Q

What is present in gymnosperms but absent in pterophytes?

A

Seeds

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18
Q

In most seed plants, the entire _____ gametophyte moves to the _____ gametophyte

A
  • male
  • female
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19
Q

Although both gymnosperms and angiosperms produce seeds, gymnosperms do not produce ______ or _____

A
  • flowers
  • fruits
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20
Q

The ovary of angiosperm consists of

A

a female gametophyte, integuments, and diploid sporophyte tissue

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21
Q

What is carried in the pollen tube of gymnosperm

A

Sperm

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22
Q

Which of the following are example of conifers?

A
  • Firs
  • Hemlock
  • Pines
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23
Q

The largest gymnosperm phylum is

A

Coniferophyta

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24
Q

What distinguishes the gymnosperms from pterophytes?

A

Seeds

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25
Q

The production of paper, resin, timber, and Taxol (a drug used in the treatment of cancer) are examples of the economic uses of what seed-bearing plant taxon?

A

Conifers

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26
Q

What distinguishes gymnosperms from angiosperms?

A

Gymnosperms do not enclose seeds in fruits

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27
Q

Unlike other conifers, pine trees produce

A

leaves in clusters

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28
Q

How is the germination of gymnosperm pollen grain related to a pollen tube

A

The pollen tube forms when the pollen grain germinates

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29
Q

Firs, cedars, cypresses, spruces, and pines are all members of what phylum?

A

Coniferophyta

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30
Q

Coniferophyta is

A

the largest gymnosperm phylum

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31
Q

Why is pine wood considered to be a “soft” wood?

A

It lacks rigid cell types

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32
Q

Examples of the economic uses of conifers include the production of

A
  • resin
  • timber
  • paper
  • Taxol
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33
Q

Microspores are produced when microspore mother cells undergo

A

meiosis

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34
Q

The purpose of resin in pines it to

A

protect against insects and fungi

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35
Q

In seed plants, small spores called _____ develop into pollen

A

microspores

36
Q

What is carried in the pollen tube of a gymnosperm

A

Sperm

37
Q

In a pine cone, the mature female gametophyte consists of thousands of cells, with two to six ____ located near the mycropylar end

A

archegonia

38
Q

In pines, pollen is typically moved form male to female cones by

A

wind

39
Q

Turpentine is derived from

A

pine resin

40
Q

Each microspore mother cell in pine produces

A

four microspores, all of which develop into pollen grains

41
Q

The mature male gametophyte of a gymnosperm is made up of

A

germinated pollen grain and sperm

42
Q

In pines, microspores are small spores that develop into

A

pollen

43
Q

When the integument of a gymnosperm embryo hardens, it produces the

A

seed coat

44
Q

This group of gymnosperms resembles palm trees

A

Cycads

45
Q

Pollination in pines occurs when pollen enters openings between the ______ of the female cone

A

scales

46
Q

Cycad sperm from in the

A

pollen tube

47
Q

Gnetophytes are the only gymnosperms with efficient conducting cells, called _____ in their xylem

A

vessels

48
Q

What is the fate of the generative cell that arises from the pollen grain of a gametophyte?

A

It divides by mitosis

49
Q

The embryo of a gymnosperm receives nutrition from the

A

female gametophyte cells

50
Q

Select all examples of gnetophtyes

A
  • Welwitschia
  • Ephedra
51
Q

Cycads look like palm trees, but differ from them because they

A

do not produce flowers

52
Q

How many species of gingkophytes are alive today

A

1

53
Q

Unlike pine sperm, cycad sperm

A

can swim

54
Q

Unlike other gymnosperm phyla, the gnetophytes produce

A

vessels in their xylem

55
Q

Ginkgo produces male and female reproductive structures on different trees, so it is said to be ______

A

dioecious

56
Q

Select all true statements about Ephedra

A
  • It has jointed stems
  • It is a gnetophyte
57
Q

Unlike gymnosperms, angiosperms

A

have enclosed ovules

58
Q

Identify the features of ginkgophytes

A
  • They produce seeds
  • They are dioecious
  • They have flagellated sperm
59
Q

Cycad sperm form in the

A

pollen tube

60
Q

Unlike the gymnosperms, the angiosperms produce

A

seeds within a fruit

61
Q

According to one hypothesis, the breakup of Pangaea and subsequent climate change led to

A

a rapid diversification and expansion of the gymnosperms

62
Q

Ginkgo trees are either male or female, so they are said to be

A

dioecious

63
Q

Seed-bearing plants in which the ovules are enclosed during pollination are called ______

A

angiosperms

64
Q

Which of the following structures is essentially a modified stem bearing modified leaves?

A

A flower

65
Q

Unlike petals, sepals are typically

A

green

66
Q

Angiosperms differ from gymnosperms because, at pollination, their _______ are enclosed within diploid tissues, the carpel. The carpel eventually develops into a ________, a unique angiosperm feature

A
  • ovules
  • fruit
67
Q

Some angiosperms have flowers that lack petals. Such as species are most likely pollination by

A

wind

68
Q

One possible explanation for the rapid diversification of angiosperms suggests that the breakup of ______ led to climate change, subsequently leading to opportunities for angiosperms to expand into newly formed ecosystems

A

pangea

69
Q

In the ancient angiosperm Amborella trichopoda, mitochondrial genes have been incorporated from other plant species through the process of

A

horizontal gene transfer

70
Q

The structure at the tip of a typical angiosperm carpel called the _______ is sticky or feathery so that pollen grains can adhere, and the swollen base at the other end is called the ______. The structure that connects them is the _______

A
  • stigma
  • ovary
  • style
71
Q

Flowers are essentially modified ______ bearing modified _______

A
  • stems
  • leaves
72
Q

The outermost whorl of a flower contains green leaflike structures called ______, while the next whorl to the inside is composed of ________, which are often colorful

A
  • sepals
  • petals
73
Q

Meiosis in the female reproductive structures of angiosperms produces

A

four megaspores

74
Q

In many angiosperms, the flower’s ______ are brightly colored to attract animal pollinators

A

petals

75
Q

The function of the antipodals is

A

to serve no known role

76
Q

According to one hypothesis, the breakup of Pangaea and subsequent climate change led to

A

a rapid diversification and expansion of the angiosperms

77
Q

The components of a carpel include

A
  • stigma
  • ovary
  • style
78
Q

Which of the following structures is essentially a modified stem bearing modified leaves?

A

A flower

79
Q

Pollen grains form from

A

binucleate microspores

80
Q

After the megaspore mother cell of an angiosperm divides, four haploid megaspores are produced. Three of the megaspores soon disappear, while the remaining one produces the female gametophyte through

A

mitosis

81
Q

The division of each of the daughter cells of the megaspore results in

A

8 haploid nuclei

82
Q

One possible explanation for the rapid diversification of angiosperms suggests that the breakup of ______ led to climate change, subsequently leading to opportunities for angiosperms to expand into newly formed ecosystems

A

Pangea

83
Q

In flowering plants, one sperm unites with the egg and another unites with the polar nuclei in a process called _____ ____

A
  • double
  • fertilization
84
Q

Microspore production occurs in the

A

anthers

85
Q

Endosperm is produced by

A

angiosperms

86
Q

The nuclei of the four microspores that arise in the anther divide

A

once

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