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quiz 5 study Flashcards

chapter 31 smartbook

1
Q

Early work on the classification of fungi was dependent on gross ________

A

morphology

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2
Q

Traditionally, fungi were divided into four phyla based primarily on which characteristics

A

Meiosis

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3
Q

The traditionally recognized 4 fungal phyla were recognized primarily based on characteristics of

A

cells undergoing meiosis

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4
Q

Within the Kingdom Fungi, there are now

A

6 widely recognized monophyletic groups

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5
Q

Pilobolus

A

Grows on animal dung

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6
Q

Piromyces

A

Decompose cellulose in herbivore rumens

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7
Q

Rhizophydium

A

Parasite of green algae

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8
Q

Glomus

A

Associated with roots

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9
Q

Allomyces

A

Water mold

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10
Q

Morphology

A

Earliest efforts

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11
Q

Microscopy and biochemistry

A

18th century

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12
Q

Molecular biology

A

1980s

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13
Q

Genomics

A

Modern era

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14
Q

Select the four traditional phyla

A
  • Ascomycota
  • Chytridiomycota
  • Basidiomycota
  • Zygomycota
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15
Q

Fungi utilize

A

sexual or asexual reproduction

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16
Q

Which fungal phyla belong to the subdivision of the “chytrids”

A
  • Neocallimastigomycota
  • Blastocladiomycota
  • Chytridiomycota
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17
Q

Monophyletic groups of fungi include

A
  • Glomeromycota
  • Blastocladiomycota
  • Neocallimastigomycota
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18
Q

A mycelium is composed of filaments called _______

A

hyphae

19
Q

The fly agaric, ______ muscaria, is a toxic basidiomycete

A

Amanita

20
Q

What are fungal septa?

A

Walls that form between the cells of certain fungal hyphae

21
Q

The cell wall of fungi is made of

A

chitin

22
Q

The evolution of higher fungi is associated with the development of

A

filamentous forms

23
Q

Reproductive structures found in fungi include:

A
  • toadstools
  • puffballs
  • mushrooms
24
Q

What are fungal filaments called?

A

Hyphae

25
Q

The components of chitin include

A
  • carbohydrate
  • protein
26
Q

How do the two nuclei of dikaryotic fungal cell function?

A

Independently from each other

27
Q

Small cross walls between individual fungal cells of ascomycete and basidiomycete hyphae are known as ________

A

septa

28
Q

A monokaryotic hypha has which of the following structures?

A

One haploid nucleus

29
Q

The Chytridiomycota and the Microsporidia are

A

unicellular

30
Q

The threadlike nature of fungal hyphae means that they have _________

A

a high surface area-to-volume ratio

31
Q

A fungal mycelium containing two separate nuclei that divide at each cell division is said to be _______

A

dikaryotic

32
Q

Chitin contains a modified form of glucose that is known as N-_________

A

acetylglucosamine

33
Q

How do the two nuclei of dikaryotic fungal exhibit some of the genetic properties of diploids?

A

The genomes of both nuclei are transcribed

34
Q

A heterokaryotic cell contains two of which of the following structures?

A

Genetically distinct types of nuclei

35
Q

If a hypha has one nucleus, it is said to be _______

A

monokaryotic

36
Q

A hypha with two or more genetically similar nuclei is said to be which of the following

A

Homokaryotic

37
Q

The reproductive strategies of fungi allow them to survive in

A

variable environments and conditions that do not allow growth

38
Q

A dikaryotic cell contains which of the following?

A

Two separate nuclei

39
Q

Two haploid hyphae of compatible mating types come together and fuse during ______ reproduction in fungi

A

sexual

40
Q

The four general types of reproductive structures formed by fungi are: motile zoospores, zygosporangia, __________ and __________

A
  • basidia
  • asci
41
Q

A dikaryotic or multikaryotic hypha containing from two genetically different types of nuclei is said to be ________

A

heterokaryotic

42
Q

Fungal spores are most often dispersed by which of the following methods

A

Wind

43
Q

Which term describes all fungi

A

Heterotrophic

44
Q

The unusual reproductive strategies of fungi have allowed

A

survival in conditions that do not allow growth

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