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quiz 10 study Flashcards

chapter 33 smartbook

1
Q

Almost all bilaterian animals belong to either of clade _______ and clade _______

A
  • protostomes
  • deuterostomes
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2
Q

The two major groups of protostome are Lophotrochozoa and

A

Ecdysozoa

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3
Q

Flatworms are found in aquatic and in moist ______ environments

A

terrestrial

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4
Q

Flatworms move by using musculature or by ciliated _______ cells that may be found on the ventrum

A

epithelial

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5
Q

Flatworms in the subphylum Neodermata have a ______ lifestyle and posses an outer surface, known as the ______, which is resistant to digestive enzymes and the immune defense of animals

A
  • parasitic
  • neodermis
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6
Q

In deuterostomes, the blastopore gives rise to the _________

A

anus

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7
Q

The protostomes are divided into the _________ and ________

A
  • lophotrochozoa
  • ecdysozoa
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8
Q

In which habitats are flatworms found

A
  • Freshwater
  • Moist terrestrial
  • Marine
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9
Q

Flatworms may be scavengers, carnivores, or _______

A

parasitic

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of flatworms in the subphylum Neodermata

A
  • They may lack some features, such as eyespots
  • They are all parasitic
  • They have a neodermis
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11
Q

Members of the phylum ______ are tiny (50 to 500 um) bilaterally symmetrical pseudocoelmates that often live in freshwater environments and use adhesive toes for clinging on vegetation and other solid objects

A

rotifera

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12
Q

In the life cycle of the oriental liver fluke, Clonorchis sinensis, what is the sporocyst

A

A baglike structure that forms within a snail and contain embryonic germ cells

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13
Q

In the life cycle of the oriental liver fluke, Clonorchis sinensis, the ciliated, first-stage larva is known as a(n) _______

A

miracidium

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14
Q

In the life cycle of the oriental liver fluke, Clonorchis sinensis, what is the nonciliated and elongated larva that develops from a sporocyst called _____

A

redia

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15
Q

Immediately once they are released from the proglottid, tapeworm embryos

A

are scattered in the environment

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16
Q

What are distinguishing characteristics of members of phylum Rotifera

A
  • They are pseudocoelomate
  • They are very small in size, at only 50 to 500 um in length
  • They have a complete gut
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17
Q

In the life cycle of the oriental liver fluke, Clonorchis Sinensis, after being ingested by a snail, the ciliated larva transforms into a baglike structure, which contains embryonic germ cells is known as a(n) ________

A

sporocyst

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18
Q

Squid, octopuses, chitons, snails, clams, and oysters are all members of the phylum _______

A

Mollusks

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19
Q

In the life cycle of the oriental liver fluke, Clonorchis sinensis, what is the name of the ciliated, first-stage larva

A

miracidium

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20
Q

Terrestrial habitats of mollusks must have at least a temporary supply of _____

A

water

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21
Q

Where is the coelom of a mollusk

A

around the excretory organs, the heart, and part of the intestine

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22
Q

The muscular foot of a mollusk may be adapted for

A
  • digging
  • food capture
  • attachment
  • locomotion
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23
Q

Which organs are found in the visceral mass of a mollusk

A
  • digestive organs
  • excretory organs
  • reproductive organs
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24
Q

What is the mantle of a mollusk

A

An epidermal sheet covering the dorsal side of the body

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25
Q

Gills in aquatic mollusks are also called which of the following

A

Ctenidia

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26
Q

Gastropods are unique among animals in that they undergo ______ during larval life

A

torsion

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27
Q

Osmotic balance is maintained in mollusks by nephridia which reabsorb ______, ________, _________, and other materials

A
  • salts
  • sugars
  • water
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28
Q

Which of the following accurately describe the function of the radula in mollusks

A

it is used in feeding

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29
Q

All mollusks except cephalopods have a(n) _______ circulatory system

A

open

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30
Q

The only mollusks that do not have a radula are the _______

A

bivalves

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31
Q

Slugs, snails, and nudibranchs are classified as which of the following

A

gastropods

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32
Q

Most gastropods, have ______ fertilization, with the male inserting sperm into the female’s body

A

internal

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33
Q

Most gastropods have a single _______

A

shell

34
Q

Members of the class Polyplacophora are

A

chitons

35
Q

The habitat of the polyplacophorans is

A

exclusively marine

36
Q

During embryonic development, mollusk zygotes undergo _______ cleavage and are therefore a part of the protostome clade ______

A
  • spiral
  • spiralia
37
Q

Which of the following organisms are bivalves

A
  • mussels
  • cockles
  • clams
38
Q

Which of the following organisms are gastropods

A
  • slugs
  • snails
  • nudibranchs
39
Q

Gastropods primarily live in

A

marine environments

40
Q

Polyplacophorans are commonly known as _______

A

chitons

41
Q

Tubeworms, scaleworms, and lugworms are all members of which annelid class

A

Errantia

42
Q

The annelids are currently divided into two made clades, the ______ and the _____

A
  • errantia
  • sedentaria
43
Q

Annelid segments are divided from one another internally by _______

A

septa

44
Q

The annelid body plan can be described as which of the following?

A

A tube within a tube

45
Q

What type of circulatory system do annelids have

A

A closed circulatory system

46
Q

Which of the following organisms are errantians

A
  • tubeworms
  • lugworms
  • clamworms
47
Q

Parapodia present; many setae

A

Polychaeata

48
Q

Clitellum present

A

Clitellata

49
Q

Errantians are named after the presence of many chaetae on their bodies. The chaetae are born on paddle-like projections called

A

parapodia

50
Q

Each segment of an annelid contains which of the following

A
  • A ganglion
  • Locomotory structures
  • Excretory organs
51
Q

Nematodes reproduce ______ and exhibit internal ______

A
  • sexually
  • fertilization
52
Q

Unsegmented worms that are round in cross section, have longitudinal muscles, and are covered by a flexible, thick cuticle that is molted as they grow, belong to the phylum _______

A

nematoda

53
Q

The most abundant herbivores are _______

A

insects

54
Q

Which of the following are parts of the digestive system of nematodes

A
  • Stylets
  • Pharynx
  • Mouth
  • Intestine
  • Anus
55
Q

Because they possess _______ muscles but lack _______ musculature, nematodes exhibit a characteristic wriggling pattern of locomotion

A
  • longitudinal
  • circular
56
Q

Which characteristics are typical bryozoans

A
  • Small, colonial animals
  • Anus opens near the mouth, due to its U-shaped digestive system
57
Q

Protection and physical support

A

Exoskeleton

58
Q

Specialization of body parts for different functions

A

Segmentation

59
Q

Flexibility

A

Joint appendages

60
Q

Which of the following statements are true of nematode reproduction

A
  • Fertilization is internal
  • Reproduction is usually sexual
61
Q

The arthropod exoskeleton is composed of _______ which is chemically similar to ______, the structural components of plants

A
  • chitin
  • cellulose
62
Q

In arthropods such as insects, the body is organized into which of the following functional groups of tagmata

A
  • head
  • thorax
  • abdomen
63
Q

Many chelicerates and crustaceans have a ______, which is a fused head and thorax

A

cephalothorax

64
Q

What substances make up the exoskeleton of an arthropod

A

Chitin and protein

65
Q

Many arthropods possess tagmata. What are they

A

Body segments that have become fused into functional units

66
Q

Which of the following is TRUE of chitin

A

It is chemically similar to cellulose

67
Q

The segmented body of some arthropods such as insects is organized into three tagmata; the _______, ______, and ______

A
  • head
  • thorax
  • abdomen
68
Q

Describe chitin

A

it is strong but also flexible in response to the contraction of muscles attached to it

69
Q

In many crustaceans and chelicerates, the head and thorax fuse form the

A

cephalothorax

70
Q

The exoskeleton of an arthropod is made of protein and a polysaccharide called

A

chitin

71
Q

What are characteristics of the class Chelicerata

A
  • Mouthparts can be modified as pincers or fangs
  • Bodies consist of two tagmata
72
Q

Which of the following accurately describes the nervous system of arthropods

A

a brain of three fused ganglia connected to ventral ganglia

73
Q

An example of a herbaceous chelicerate is a _______

A

mite

74
Q

What structures are modified appendages in arthropods

A
  • legs
  • antennae
  • mouthparts
75
Q

The class Crustacea includes which of the following

A
  • Shrimp
  • Pill bugs
  • Crabs
76
Q

Which of the following accurately describes chelicerates

A
  • most are carnivorous
  • have four pairs of walking legs
  • predominantly aquatic
77
Q

Which of the following accurately describes how most chelicerates consume food

A

They inject digestive enzymes into solid food to liquefy it, then suck it

78
Q

Which organisms are members of the class Crustacea

A
  • lobsters
  • shrimp
  • pill bugs
79
Q

The arthropod brain is composed of three fused pair of ______ _____

A
  • dorsal
  • ganglia
80
Q

Which respiratory structures are used by various arthropods

A
  • Gills
  • Trachaea
  • Book gills

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