Quiz 6 Flashcards
“When did it occur” and “how did it occur” are questions associated with which step of the decision making process?
Diagnosis and analysis of causes
Examples of nonprogrammed decisions would include the decision to:
Develop a new product or service.
When managers know which goals they wish to achieve, but information about alternatives and future events is incomplete, the condition of _____ exists.
Uncertainty
At the start of every shift, Carl, a delivery truck driver, plans out his route based on the addresses that he will be visiting to drop off packages. This can best be described as what kind of decision?
Programmed
The condition under which ambiguity occurs is when:
Alternatives are difficult to define.
The classical model of decision making is based on _____ assumptions.
Economic
The essence of _____ is to choose the first solution available.
Satisficing
The _____ model of decision-making is useful for making nonprogrammed decisions when conditions are uncertain, information is limited, and there are managerial conflicts about what goals to pursue or what course of action to take.
Political
Which of these styles is adopted by managers who have a deep concern for others as individuals?
1) Analytic
2) Conceptual
3) Behavioral
4) Classical
5) Logical
3) Behavioral
When managers base decisions on what has worked in the past and fail to explore new options, they are:
Perpetuating the status quo.
_______ decisions are associated with decision rules.
Programmed
_______ is the step in the decision-making process in which managers analyze underlying causal factors associated with the decision situation.
Diagnosis
_________ refers to the process of identifying problems and then resolving them.
Decision-making
The _____ is the individual who is assigned the role of challenging assumptions made by the group.
Devil’s advocate
The _____ model of decision making is most valuable when applied to _____.
Classical; programmed-decisions
Which of the following is the process of forming alliances among managers during the decision making process?
1) Coalition building
2) Networking
3) Passing the buck
4) Socializing
5) Satisficing
1) Coalition building
Research has identified four major decision styles. These include all of the following except _____.
1) behavioral
2) directive
3) conceptual
4) analytical
5) authoritative
5) authoritative
Which of the following is the first step in the managerial decision making process?
1) Development of alternatives
2) Diagnosis and analysis of causes
3) Selection of desired alternatives
4) Recognition of decision requirement
5) Evaluation and feedback
4) Recognition of decision requirement
Two area banks, Bank A and Bank B, decided to merge their operations. This is an example of a:
Nonprogrammed decision
The concept that people have the time and cognitive ability to process only a limited amount of information on which to base decisions is known as:
Bounded rationality
Managers are considered to have a(n) _____ style when they prefer to consider complex solutions based on as much data as they can gather.
Analytical
All of the following are characteristics of the classical decision-making model except:
1) clear-cut problems and goals.
2) conditions of certainty.
3) rational choice by individual for maximizing outcomes.
4) limited information about alternatives and their outcomes.
5) all of these are characteristics of classical decision-making model.
4) limited information about alternatives and their outcomes.
Most managers settle for a _____ rather than a _____ solution.
satisficing; maximizing
Nordstrom Department store’s “No questions asked - Return’s Policy” is an example of a(n):
Programmed decision
Which model of decision making is associated with satisficing, bounded rationality, and uncertainty?
Administrative
Programmed decisions are made in response to ______ organizational problems.
Recurring
Bierderlack has a policy that states that more than three absences in a six-month period shall result in a
suspension. Colleen, the manager, has just decided to suspend one of her shift employees for violating this policy. This is an example of:
A programmed decision
Good examples of _____ decisions are strategic decisions.
Nonprogrammed
When a small community hospital decides to add a radiation therapy unit, it is considered a:
Nonprogrammed decision
Associated with the condition of _____ is the lowest possibility of failure.
Certainty
Which of the following means that all the information the decision-maker needs is fully available?
a. Certainty
b. Risk
c. Uncertainty
d. Ambiguity
e. None of these
a. Certainty
Under conditions of _____, statistical analyses are useful.
Risk
Which of the following means that a decision has clear-cut goals and that good information is available, but
the future outcomes associated with each alternative are subject to chance?
a. Certainty
b. Risk
c. Uncertainty
d. Ambiguity
e. Brainstorming
b. Risk
_____ means that managers know which goals they wish to achieve, but information about alternatives and
future events is incomplete.
Uncertainty
Which of the following has the highest possibility of failure?
a. The condition of certainty
b. The condition of ambiguity
c. The condition of uncertainty
d. The condition of risk
e. All of these
b. The condition of ambiguity
_____ decisions are associated with conflicts over goals and decision alternatives, rapidly changing
circumstances, fuzzy information, and unclear links among decision elements.
Wicked
Riley is a manager at the Tinker Tools. She is expected to make decisions that are in the organization’s best
economic interests. Her decisions should be based on which of the models?
Classical
Which of these assumptions are included in the classical model of decision making?
a. Problems are unstructured and ill defined.
b. The decision-maker strives for conditions of certainty.
c. Criteria for evaluating alternatives are unknown.
d. The decision-maker selects the alternatives that will minimize the economic return to the
organization.
e. The situation is always uncertain.
b. The decision-maker strives for conditions of certainty.
Which approach defines how a decision-maker should make decisions?
a. Normative
b. Scientific
c. Descriptive
d. Reflective
e. Humanistic
a. Normative
_____ approach describes how managers actually make decisions, where as _____ approach defines how a
decision-maker should make decisions.
Descriptive; normative
The _____ model of decision making describes how managers actually makes decisions in situations
characterized by nonprogrammed decisions, uncertainty, and ambiguity.
Administrative
Melissa is a manager at InStylez Clothing. Her job is very complex and she feels that she does not have
enough time to identify and/or process all the information she needs to make decisions. Melissa’s situation is most
consistent with which of the following concepts?
a. Bounded rationality
b. The classical model of decision making
c. Satisficing
d. Brainstorming
e. Scientific management
a. Bounded rationality
All of the following are characteristics of the administrative decision-making model except:
a. vague problem and goals.
b. conditions of certainty.
c. limited information about alternatives and their outcomes.
d. satisfying choice.
e. all of these are characteristics of administrative decision-making model.
b. conditions of certainty.
The _____ model closely resembles the real environment in which most managers and decision-makers
operate.
Political
Jefferson Inc. is an information technology consulting firm located in Washington D.C. Decisions at
Jefferson are complex and involve many people, with a significant amount of disagreement and conflict. Which
decision-making model fits best for this organization?
Political
_____ is the last step in the decision-making process.
Evaluation and feedback
The decision-maker must _____ once the problem has been recognized and analyzed.
Generate alternatives
Which style is used by people who prefer simple, clear-cut solutions to problems?
Directive
Finance managers at Big Bend Inc. made a financial blunder when they solely looked at the previous year’s
sales to estimate sales for the coming year. Of which management bias is this an example?
Being influenced by initial impressions
_____ refers to the tendency of people in groups to suppress contrary opinions.
Groupthink
