quiz 5/ lecture 7 and 8

Question 1

secularisation

Answer 1

industrialized nations are seeing increased onset of puberty

extended adolescent period

prolonged dependence on parents
prolonged education

Question 2

Early girl maturers

Answer 2

experiene more anxiety and depression

attract older boys who draw them away from academic experience

drawn to activities not cognitively ready to handle

Question 3

Reflex

Answer 3

an in born automatic response to a particular stimulus

can form basis for motor skills

stepping–> walking

g

Question 4

states of arousal

Answer 4

1. NREM
2. REM
3. Drowsiness
4. Quiet Alertness
5. Waking Activity and crying

babies who spend more time quietly alert recieve more social stimulation and opportunities to explore–> ahead in mental development

Question 5

neonatal behavior assessment scale

Answer 5

evaluates baby’s reflexes, muscle tone, response to physical and social stimuli

Question 6

dynamic systems theory of motor development

Answer 6

hierarchical

each new skill is a product of

• central nervous system
• body’s movement capacities
• the goals the child has in mind
• environmental supports for skill

behaviors softly assembled–> different paths for same skill

Question 7

pre reaching

Answer 7

poorly coordinated swipes to an object

Question 8

ulnar grasp

Answer 8

clumsy folding of fingers

Question 9

pinser grasp

Answer 9

thumb and index finger

Question 10

mirror neurons

Answer 10

specialized cells in cerebral cortex

fire identically when seeing and performing an act –> imitating

Question 11

distance curve

Answer 11

plots development of heigh over time

Question 12

velocity curve

Answer 12

plots the changes in height

Question 13

cephalocaudal trend

Answer 13

embryo grows head first then to tail

Question 14

proximaldistal trend

Answer 14

development happends inward to outward

Question 15

skeletal age

Answer 15

when bones are fully mature

best measure of physical maturity

Question 16

epiphyses

Answer 16

special growth centers at extreme ends of the long bones of the body

Question 17

statistical learning capacity

Answer 17

infants analyze speech streams for patterns

Question 18

perceptual narrowing affect

Answer 18

perceptual sensitivity becomes more attuned with age

to information most encountered

Question 19

visual acuity

Answer 19

infants can’t focus eyes well

fineness of discrimmination is limited

Question 20

visual cliff

Answer 20

used in earliest studies of depth perception

Around crawling age → infants distinguish deep from shallow surfaces and avoid drop-offs

Question 21

contrast sensitivity

Answer 21

contrast refers to the difference in the amount of light between adjacent regions in a pattern→ if babies can detect the contrast in two or more patterns, they prefer the one with more contrast

Question 22

size constancy

Answer 22

Perception of an objects size as the same, despite changes in the size of its retinal image

Evident in first week of life

Question 23

shape constancy

Answer 23

Perception of an object’s shape as stable, despite changes in the shape projected on the retina

Question 24

intermodal perception

Answer 24

We make sense of these running streams of light, sound, tactics, odor and taste information perceiving them as integrated wholes

Question 25

amodal sensory properties

Answer 25

Information that is not specific to a single modality but that overlaps two or more sensory systems

Question 26

differentiation theory

Answer 26

Infants actively search for invariant features of the environment in a constantly changing perceptual world

Question 27

invariant features

Answer 27

Those that remain stable

Question 28

affordances

Answer 28

Perception is guided by the discovery of affordances → the action possibilities that a situation offers an organism with certain motor capabilities

Question 29

pituitary gland

Answer 29

Hormones for human growth released by pituitary gland

Located at the base of the brain near the hypothalamus

Question 30

hypothalamus

Answer 30

Initiates and regulates pituitary secretions

Question 31

growth hormone

Answer 31

The only pituitary secretion produced continuously throughout life

Affects development of all tissues except the central nervous system and the genitals

Question 32

thyroid stimulating hormone

Answer 32

prompts the thyroid gland in the neck to release thyroxine→ necessary for brain development and for GH to have its full impact on body size

Question 33

marasmus

Answer 33

A wasted condition of the body caused by a diet low in all essential nutrients

Appears in the first year of life when a baby’s mother is too malnourished to produce enough breast milk

Question 34

kwashiorker

Answer 34

Unablanced diet very low in protien

Usually strikes after weaning between 1-3 years of age

Question 35

growth faltering

Answer 35

A term applied to infants whose weight height and head circumference are substantially below age-realted growth norms

Withdrawn and apathetic

Question 36

psychosocial dwarfism

Answer 36

A growth disorder that appears between 2-15 yrs

Decreased GH secretion, short stature, immature skeletal age, serious adjustment problems

Question 37

primary sexual characteristics

Answer 37

Ovaries, uterus, vagina,

Penis, scrotum and testes

Question 38

secondary sexual characteristics

Answer 38

Breast development

Underarm and pubic hair