Quiz 11(lecture 16/ch.10)

Question 1

emotion

Answer 1

essential for survival

always present

inferred

reaction to external stimuli

functional–> makes us do something

cognitive appraisal

Question 2

amygdala

Answer 2

emotional attention and learning

basic structure present at birth

volumetric growth completed by age 4 in girls

Question 3

pre-frontal cortex

Answer 3

coordinations of amygdala inputs

emotion regulation

Question 4

basic emotions

Answer 4

universal to humans and other primates

happiness, interest, surprise, fear, anger, sadness, disgust

Question 5

secure base

Answer 5

infants use familiar caregiver

point from which to explore

Question 6

self-conscious emotions

Answer 6

involve injury to or enhancement of our sense of self

Question 7

emotional self-regulation

Answer 7

strategies we use to adjust our emotional state to a comfortable level of intensity so we can accomplish our goals

Question 8

problem centered coping

Answer 8

children appraise the situation as changeable, identify the difficulty and decide what to do about it

Question 9

emotion centered coping

Answer 9

internal private and aimed at controlling distress when little can be done about an outcome

Question 10

emotional display rules

Answer 10

specify when where and how it is appropriate to express emotions

Question 11

social referencing

Answer 11

relying on another person’s emotional reaction to appraise an uncertain situation

Question 12

prosocial behavior

Answer 12

actions that benefit another person without any expected reward for the self

Question 13

temperment

Answer 13

early appearing stable individual differences in reactivity and self-regulation

an animal’s tendency to respond in characteristic and predictable ways

emotionality, sociability, activity levle, soothablilty, inhibitory control

Question 14

types of temperments

Answer 14

easy child

• 40%
• easy tempered
• positive
• open and adaptable to novelty
• habits regular and predictable

difficult child

• 10%
• active
• irritable
• vigorous to novelty
• slow to adapt

slow-to warm up

• 15%
• inactive
• moody
• slow to adapt
• respond to novelty in mildly negative ways

Question 15

effortful control

Answer 15

self regulatory dimension of temperament

capacity to voluntarily suppress a dominant response in order to plan and execute a more adaptive response

Question 16

inhibited children

Answer 16

shy

react negatively to and withdraw from novel stimuli

Question 17

uninhibited children

Answer 17

sociable

display positive emotion to and approach novel stimuli

Question 18

goodness- of fit model

Answer 18

explain how temperament and environment together can produce favorable outcomes

creating child-rearing environments that recognize each child’s temperament while encouraging more adaptive functioning

Question 19

stability of temperament

Answer 19

show fair stability throughout lifetime

continutity across time–> remain the same across years of life

driven by extremes

Question 20

continuity across time

Answer 20

heterotypic continuity

phenotypes differ from infancy to adulthood BUT still common denominator –> amygdala hyperactivity

inhibited temperment in infnacy –> aniety in childhood/adolescence

Question 21

kluver bucy syndrome

Answer 21

bilateral removal of temporal cortex in monkeys

drastic change in behavior, flat, falling social standing

Question 22

heterotypic continuity

Answer 22

adults inhibited in infancy –> in adulthood have hyper-active amygdala

Question 23

cultural meaning

Answer 23

results are not generalizable to other cultures

china for example: inhibited children do better in society–> more of a collective vs. individualistic society

Question 24

development of self regulation

Answer 24

parents help regulate emotional arousal by controlling their exposure to stimulating events

6 months–> avert gaze, self soothing sterotypies

1-2 yrs–> calming objects or people to distract from sources of distress

social referencing

Question 25

visual cliff/social referencing

Answer 25

if mom gives happy face–> infant will likely cross

if mom gives angry face–> less likely to cross