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MedBiochem > quiz 4.1 > Flashcards

quiz 4.1 Flashcards

1
Q

thyroid hormones and catechols are derived from which amino acid

A

tyrosine

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2
Q

during synth of hormones, what are the first translated from mRNA

A

large biologically inactive prcurosrs

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3
Q

most polypeptides re degraded to amino acid by proteases presumably in

A

lysosome

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4
Q

condition affecting the end organ

A

primary

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5
Q

condition affecting the pituitary gland

A

secondary

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6
Q

condition affecting the hypothalamus

A

tertiary

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7
Q

as the pathway goes down, (central to end organ) the conc. of hormones inc or dec?

A

increase

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8
Q

endocrine diseases are usually due to

A

overprod
underprod
resistance

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9
Q

ket mediator between higher centers of the central nervous system and the pituitary gland through the synth and secretion of peptides

A

hypothalamus

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10
Q

what hormones secreted by neuroypophysis is sythesized in hypothal

A

vasopress

oxytoc

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11
Q

how many peptides ang nasa posterior pituiary hormones

A

nonatropin

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12
Q

the hypophysiotropic hormones affect what

A

pituitary gland

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13
Q

structure of TRH

A

pyroGlu-His-Pro-NH2

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14
Q

action of TRH

A

regulates TSH secretion from thyrotrpohs

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15
Q

sample of prolactin-inhibiting hormones

A

dopamine

PIH

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16
Q

TRH is concentrated where

A

paraventricular nucleus

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17
Q

found ata the N terminus of GNRH and TRH

A

pyroglutamate

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18
Q

GHRH is aka

A

somatocrinin

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19
Q

special peptide in the GHRH

A

phe-trp-lys-thr

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20
Q

GHRH acts on what to producce growth hromones

A

somatotrophs

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21
Q

GHRH is produces where

A

arcuate cells

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22
Q

GHRIH has what that joins the cyclic structure

A

disfulfide

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23
Q

GHRIH aka

A

somatostatin

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24
Q

a catechol that inhibits prolactin secretion from the lactotrophs of the anterior pituitary

A

dopamine

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25
Q

main stimulus for CRH

A

stress

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26
Q

41-AA produced primarily in the paraventricular nucleus

A

CRH

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27
Q

leads to increase in POMC and ACTH secretion

A

CRH

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28
Q

CRH leads to

A

inc. POMC

ACTH synth

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29
Q

hormones are transported through axons in association with specific carrier proteins called

A

neurophysin 1 and 2

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30
Q

posterior pituitary hormones are nonapeptides that contains

A

cysteine @ 1 and 6 linked by disulfide

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31
Q

ADH is produced from

A

supraoptic nucleus

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32
Q

vasopressin contains ___ at psotion 9

A

arginine

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33
Q

when magrelease ng ADH

A

hyperosmol

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34
Q

sakit na insufficient ADH due to destruction of hypothal-hypophysial tract

A

central diabetes insipidus

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35
Q

an exogenous ADH

A

desmopressin

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36
Q

dse where ADH is normally secreted but there is receptor defect

A

nephrogenic DI

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37
Q

ectopic prodution by a variety of tumors where ADH is produced at a normal or increased rate causing progressive dilutional hyponatremia with excretion of hypertonic urine

A

SIADH

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38
Q

SIADH causes

A

dilutional hyponatremia with excreton of hypertonic urine

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39
Q

in central DI, despite blood hyperosmol, ______

A

ihi pa din nang ihi

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40
Q

in SIADH, despite blood hypoosmol, ____

A

ayaw pa din umihi

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41
Q

where is oxytocin synthesized

A

paraventricular nuclei

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42
Q

oxytocin release is brought about by

A

nipple stimu

vaginal and uterine distention

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43
Q

oxytocin and neurphysin production is stimulated by and inhibited by

A

estrogen

progesterone

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44
Q

metabolic effects of oxytocin

A

milk letdown

uterine smooth muscle contraction at birth

45
Q

anterior pituitary hormones

A

GH
prolactin
CS

46
Q

common in GH-PRL-CS group

A

each has trp at 85 (91 in PRL) and 2 homologous disulfide
common antigenic determinant
growth-promoting and lactogenic activities

47
Q

metabolic effects of GH

A

protein synth

inc. gluc
dec. insulin

48
Q

CS is produced where

A

syncytiotrophoblast of placenta

49
Q

dse due to GH deficiency from panhypopituitarism or isolated GH deficiency

50
Q

due to excessive GH resulting in accelerated bone growth

51
Q

due to excessive GH after closure of epiphysis and cessation of long bone growth

A

acromegaly

52
Q

hormone with 3 disulfide bonds

53
Q

prolactin: diurnal or nocturnal?

54
Q

prolactin-releasing factors

A

TRH
VIP
serotonin

55
Q

metablic effects of prolatcin

A

lactation (females)

sustain testosterone production (male)

56
Q

cause amenorrhea, galactorrhea in women and gynecomastia, impitence in men

A

prolactin-secreting tumors

57
Q

prolactin-secreting tumors causes what

A

amenorrhea
galactorrhea
hynecomastia
impotence

58
Q

found to have lactogenic and luteotropic activity and metabolic effects similar to GH

A

chorionic somatommamotropin

59
Q

pituitary and placental glycoproteins

A

TSH
LH
FSH
CG

60
Q

which subunit un glycprotein hormone structure determines specific biologic activity

61
Q

second emssengers of glycoprotein hormones

A

adenylyl cyclase cAMP

62
Q

aka thyrotropin

63
Q

most important controller of TSH secretion

64
Q

metabolic effects of TSH

A

inc. T3 T4 (acute)

inc. protein phospholip nucleic acid synth and size and number of thyroid cells

65
Q

stimulate goands testes ocaries

A

LH
FSH
(gonadotropins)

66
Q

principal regulator of LH and FSH

A

GnRH aka LH-releasing hormone

67
Q

stimualtes production of progesterone by the corpus luteum and testosterone by the Leydig cells

68
Q

in females, _____ respond to LH stimulation by secretion of testosterone which is converted ti estrogen

A

theca cells

69
Q

ovulation of mature follicles is induced by a large burst a hormone secretion called

70
Q

ncessary for pregnancy maintenance

A

progesterone

71
Q

stiulates maturation of ovarian follciles

72
Q

FSH in male is critical for sperm rpoduction it supports the function of ____

A

sertoli cells

73
Q

diminished secretion of LH and FSH can result to failure of gonadal function

A

hypogonadism

74
Q

synthesized in the syncytiotropoblast of the placenta

A

chorionic gonadotropin

75
Q

CG levels increase in lood and urine after

A

implantation

76
Q

peptides that functon as hormones or neurotransmitters or neuromodulators

A

pro-oopiomelanocortin family POMC

77
Q

3 basic peptide grouos in the POMC

A

ACTH
beta-lipotropin
gamma-MSH

78
Q

Diversity of POMC family is due to the roesence of what

A

dibasic amino acid clusters

79
Q

Syntheuszed in the corticotrophic cells of the naterior pitui

A

ACTH/corticotropin

80
Q

Major biological action of ACTH

A

Stimulate synth and secretiin of the adrenocortical steroids like cortisol

81
Q

ACTH/corticotropin has major effect on ____ and little on ____

A

Cortisol

Aldosterone

82
Q

Manifestation of addison’s dae

A

Hyperpigmentation

83
Q

ACTH secretion is controlled by

84
Q

CRH is secreted in reponse ti

85
Q

acth effect on carb metab

A

Inc gluconeo

Inc glygenolysis

86
Q

CRH is inhibited

A

Glucocorticoids

87
Q

ACTH regulates growth and function of ____

A

Adrenal cortex

88
Q

Excessive production of ACTH by pituitary or ectopic tumor

89
Q

Gives rise to metabolic manifestations attributed to overproduction of adrenal steroids

90
Q

Minor physiologic role is lipolysus and fatty acid mobilization

A

Beta-lipotropin

91
Q

Significant role in control of pain perception

92
Q

Due to insufficient peoduction of glucocorticoids

A

Addison’s

93
Q

Hyperpigmentation in addison is due to

A

Increased MSH activity

94
Q

MSH stimulates

A

Melanogrnesis

95
Q

Major hormone that regulated fuel metab

A

Insulin

Glucagon

96
Q

Present in high concentration in B cells forming complexes with insulin and proinsulin

97
Q

Conserved positions in the insulin molecule which constitute a composite active region

A

3 disulfide bond
Hydrophobic residues in the carboxyl terminal regions
Amino and carboxyl terminals of the A chain

98
Q

Metabolic effects of insulin

A

Inc heaptic glycolysis
Inc lipigenesis
Dec lipolysis

Dec gluconeo
Dec bld gluc

99
Q

Control by glucagon when elevated blood levels of amino acid

A

Foster conversion kf excess AAs to gucose by enhancing gluconeogemsis

100
Q

2 forms of somatostatin

101
Q

Inhibits secretion ig GH from the pitui

A

Somatostatin

102
Q

Somatostatin effect on pancreas

A

inhib insu and gluca

103
Q

Derivatives of tyrosine bound covalently to iodine

A

Thyroid hormones

104
Q

T3 T4 circulating in blood mainly bound to

A

Thryixine binding globulin

105
Q

Other carriers of thyroid hormones

A

Transthyrein

Albumin

106
Q

Sodium iodide sunporter is aka

A

Iodine trap

107
Q

Large glucoprotein scaffold of tyrosine

A

Thuroglobulin

108
Q

Iodination of tyrosines on thyroglobulin is called

A

Organification of iodide

MedBiochem (16 decks)

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