quiz 4.1 Flashcards
1
Q
thyroid hormones and catechols are derived from which amino acid
A
tyrosine
2
Q
during synth of hormones, what are the first translated from mRNA
A
large biologically inactive prcurosrs
3
Q
most polypeptides re degraded to amino acid by proteases presumably in
A
lysosome
4
Q
condition affecting the end organ
A
primary
5
Q
condition affecting the pituitary gland
A
secondary
6
Q
condition affecting the hypothalamus
A
tertiary
7
Q
as the pathway goes down, (central to end organ) the conc. of hormones inc or dec?
A
increase
8
Q
endocrine diseases are usually due to
A
overprod
underprod
resistance
9
Q
ket mediator between higher centers of the central nervous system and the pituitary gland through the synth and secretion of peptides
A
hypothalamus
10
Q
what hormones secreted by neuroypophysis is sythesized in hypothal
A
vasopress
oxytoc
11
Q
how many peptides ang nasa posterior pituiary hormones
A
nonatropin
12
Q
the hypophysiotropic hormones affect what
A
pituitary gland
13
Q
structure of TRH
A
pyroGlu-His-Pro-NH2
14
Q
action of TRH
A
regulates TSH secretion from thyrotrpohs
15
Q
sample of prolactin-inhibiting hormones
A
dopamine
PIH
16
Q
TRH is concentrated where
A
paraventricular nucleus
17
Q
found ata the N terminus of GNRH and TRH
A
pyroglutamate
18
Q
GHRH is aka
A
somatocrinin
19
Q
special peptide in the GHRH
A
phe-trp-lys-thr
20
Q
GHRH acts on what to producce growth hromones
A
somatotrophs
21
Q
GHRH is produces where
A
arcuate cells
22
Q
GHRIH has what that joins the cyclic structure
A
disfulfide
23
Q
GHRIH aka
A
somatostatin
24
Q
a catechol that inhibits prolactin secretion from the lactotrophs of the anterior pituitary
A
dopamine
25
main stimulus for CRH
stress
26
41-AA produced primarily in the paraventricular nucleus
CRH
27
leads to increase in POMC and ACTH secretion
CRH
28
CRH leads to
inc. POMC
| ACTH synth
29
hormones are transported through axons in association with specific carrier proteins called
neurophysin 1 and 2
30
posterior pituitary hormones are nonapeptides that contains
cysteine @ 1 and 6 linked by disulfide
31
ADH is produced from
supraoptic nucleus
32
vasopressin contains ___ at psotion 9
arginine
33
when magrelease ng ADH
hyperosmol
34
sakit na insufficient ADH due to destruction of hypothal-hypophysial tract
central diabetes insipidus
35
an exogenous ADH
desmopressin
36
dse where ADH is normally secreted but there is receptor defect
nephrogenic DI
37
ectopic prodution by a variety of tumors where ADH is produced at a normal or increased rate causing progressive dilutional hyponatremia with excretion of hypertonic urine
SIADH
38
SIADH causes
dilutional hyponatremia with excreton of hypertonic urine
39
in central DI, despite blood hyperosmol, ______
ihi pa din nang ihi
40
in SIADH, despite blood hypoosmol, ____
ayaw pa din umihi
41
where is oxytocin synthesized
paraventricular nuclei
42
oxytocin release is brought about by
nipple stimu
| vaginal and uterine distention
43
oxytocin and neurphysin production is stimulated by and inhibited by
estrogen
| progesterone
44
metabolic effects of oxytocin
milk letdown
| uterine smooth muscle contraction at birth
45
anterior pituitary hormones
GH
prolactin
CS
46
common in GH-PRL-CS group
each has trp at 85 (91 in PRL) and 2 homologous disulfide
common antigenic determinant
growth-promoting and lactogenic activities
47
metabolic effects of GH
protein synth
inc. gluc
dec. insulin
48
CS is produced where
syncytiotrophoblast of placenta
49
dse due to GH deficiency from panhypopituitarism or isolated GH deficiency
dwarfism
50
due to excessive GH resulting in accelerated bone growth
gigantism
51
due to excessive GH after closure of epiphysis and cessation of long bone growth
acromegaly
52
hormone with 3 disulfide bonds
prolactin
53
prolactin: diurnal or nocturnal?
nocturnal
54
prolactin-releasing factors
TRH
VIP
serotonin
55
metablic effects of prolatcin
lactation (females)
| sustain testosterone production (male)
56
cause amenorrhea, galactorrhea in women and gynecomastia, impitence in men
prolactin-secreting tumors
57
prolactin-secreting tumors causes what
amenorrhea
galactorrhea
hynecomastia
impotence
58
found to have lactogenic and luteotropic activity and metabolic effects similar to GH
chorionic somatommamotropin
59
pituitary and placental glycoproteins
TSH
LH
FSH
CG
60
which subunit un glycprotein hormone structure determines specific biologic activity
beta
61
second emssengers of glycoprotein hormones
adenylyl cyclase cAMP
62
aka thyrotropin
TSH
63
most important controller of TSH secretion
TRH
64
metabolic effects of TSH
inc. T3 T4 (acute)
| inc. protein phospholip nucleic acid synth and size and number of thyroid cells
65
stimulate goands testes ocaries
LH
FSH
(gonadotropins)
66
principal regulator of LH and FSH
GnRH aka LH-releasing hormone
67
stimualtes production of progesterone by the corpus luteum and testosterone by the Leydig cells
LH
68
in females, _____ respond to LH stimulation by secretion of testosterone which is converted ti estrogen
theca cells
69
ovulation of mature follicles is induced by a large burst a hormone secretion called
LH surge
70
ncessary for pregnancy maintenance
progesterone
71
stiulates maturation of ovarian follciles
FSH
72
FSH in male is critical for sperm rpoduction it supports the function of ____
sertoli cells
73
diminished secretion of LH and FSH can result to failure of gonadal function
hypogonadism
74
synthesized in the syncytiotropoblast of the placenta
chorionic gonadotropin
75
CG levels increase in lood and urine after
implantation
76
peptides that functon as hormones or neurotransmitters or neuromodulators
pro-oopiomelanocortin family POMC
77
3 basic peptide grouos in the POMC
ACTH
beta-lipotropin
gamma-MSH
78
Diversity of POMC family is due to the roesence of what
dibasic amino acid clusters
79
Syntheuszed in the corticotrophic cells of the naterior pitui
ACTH/corticotropin
80
Major biological action of ACTH
Stimulate synth and secretiin of the adrenocortical steroids like cortisol
81
ACTH/corticotropin has major effect on ____ and little on ____
Cortisol
| Aldosterone
82
Manifestation of addison's dae
Hyperpigmentation
83
ACTH secretion is controlled by
CRH
84
CRH is secreted in reponse ti
Stress
85
acth effect on carb metab
Inc gluconeo
| Inc glygenolysis
86
CRH is inhibited
Glucocorticoids
87
ACTH regulates growth and function of ____
Adrenal cortex
88
Excessive production of ACTH by pituitary or ectopic tumor
cushing
89
Gives rise to metabolic manifestations attributed to overproduction of adrenal steroids
Cushing
90
Minor physiologic role is lipolysus and fatty acid mobilization
Beta-lipotropin
91
Significant role in control of pain perception
Endorphin
92
Due to insufficient peoduction of glucocorticoids
Addison's
93
Hyperpigmentation in addison is due to
Increased MSH activity
94
MSH stimulates
Melanogrnesis
95
Major hormone that regulated fuel metab
Insulin
| Glucagon
96
Present in high concentration in B cells forming complexes with insulin and proinsulin
Zinc
97
Conserved positions in the insulin molecule which constitute a composite active region
3 disulfide bond
Hydrophobic residues in the carboxyl terminal regions
Amino and carboxyl terminals of the A chain
98
Metabolic effects of insulin
Inc heaptic glycolysis
Inc lipigenesis
Dec lipolysis
Dec gluconeo
Dec bld gluc
99
Control by glucagon when elevated blood levels of amino acid
Foster conversion kf excess AAs to gucose by enhancing gluconeogemsis
100
2 forms of somatostatin
SS14
| SS28
101
Inhibits secretion ig GH from the pitui
Somatostatin
102
Somatostatin effect on pancreas
inhib insu and gluca
103
Derivatives of tyrosine bound covalently to iodine
Thyroid hormones
104
T3 T4 circulating in blood mainly bound to
Thryixine binding globulin
105
Other carriers of thyroid hormones
Transthyrein
| Albumin
106
Sodium iodide sunporter is aka
Iodine trap
107
Large glucoprotein scaffold of tyrosine
Thuroglobulin
108
Iodination of tyrosines on thyroglobulin is called
Organification of iodide
