quiz 2.3 AA metab Flashcards
average daily protein turnover
250g/day
cases na may positive nitrogen balance
growing child
pregnant
convalescing pipz
refeeding after starvation
AA that does not undergo transamination
lysine
threonine
coenzyme in transamination
pyridoxal phosphate
product after trnsamination
alpha ketoacid
ATP and GTP are the positive allosteric effectors for the formation of ____ while ADP and GDP are for ____
glutarate
alpha-ketoglutarate
the only dehydrogenase which is non-specific for NAD and NADP
glutarate dehydrogenase
oxidase primarily involved in the deamination of lysine
L-amino acid oxidase
asparaginase converts asparagine to
ammonia and aspartate
important in kidney which helps excrete H in the form of NH4
glutaminase
direct deamination of histidine by ___ and ____ produces ___
histidase/histidine ammonia lyase
urocanic acid
dehydrative deamination of serine and threonine prodcues ____ and ___ respectively
pyruvate
alpha-ketobutyrate
3 ways ammonia is disposed
alanine cycle
glutamine cycle
urea cycle
urea cycle aka
Krebs-Henseleit cycle
where does urea cycle occur
liver
saan galing ung two nitrogens sa urea
from NH3 thru glutamate dehydrogenase
from aspartate by transamination
rate limiting enyzme fi the urea cycle
carbamoyl phosphate synthase 1
formation of carbamoyl phosphate by CPS1 is driven by
cleavage of 2 mols of ATP
ornithine plus carbamoyl phosphate by ornithine transcabamoylase forms
citrulline
in the urea cycle, citrulline condenses with aspartate to form ____ catalyzed by ____
argininosuccinate
argininosuccinate synthetase
arginine is cleaved by arginase to form
ornithine and urea
argininosuccinate is cleaved by ___ to form
argininosuccinate lyase
arginine and fumarate
after arginine is cleaved to ornithine and urea, what are the fates of these two
urea - excreted trhu urine
ornithine - enters mitcochondria
what component in the urea cycle enters the TCA
fumarate
where urea increased, starvation and high protein diet or low protein diet
starvation and high protein diet
the allosteric activator of CPS1
N-acetylglutamate
positive allosteric activator of NAG synthetase
arginine
amino acids which, in the final step of its emtab, can be converted into glucose pyruvate or a TCA cyle intermediate that can be converted to OXAA
glucogenic
amino acids which can be converted into fat
ketgenic
what are the purely ketogenic AAs
leu
lys
what AAs are both keto and glucogenic
phe ile trp tyr thr
amino acids catabolized via pyruvate
alanine serine glycine cysteine & cystine threonine tryptophan hydroxyproline
in the metab of alanine, the end product ____ whose formation is catalyzed by _____ ultimately results to the formation of ____
pyruvate
alanine aminotransferase
OXAA
alanine: keto or gluco?
glucogenic
in the first step, serine undergoes ____ by ___ to form ____
dehydrative deamination
serine dehydrogenase
pyruvate
pyruvate from serine in its metab is the converted to ___ which is then subsequently oxidize to __ and ___
glycine
CO2 and ammonia
catalyzes the 2nd step in the metab of serine
serine hydroxymethyltransferase
metab of glycine
glycine > (serine hydroxymethyltranferase) > serine > (serine dehydrogenase) > pyruvate
product when glycine is acted upon by D-amino acid oxidase
glyoxylate
glycine from serine or from diet can also be oxidized by ___ to yield a second equivalent of ______
glycine cleavage complex
N5,N10-methylene THF
universal sulfur donor
3’-phosphoadenosine-5’-phosphosulfate (PAPS)
simplest path of cystine
catalyzed by liver desulfurase to produce pyruvate
cysteine > (_______) > cysteinesulfinate
cysteine dioxygenase
cysteine > (cystein dioxygenase) > ______________
ccysteinesulfinate
cysteinesulfinate undergoing transaminattion produces what b
beta-sulfinylpyruvate
cysteinesulfinate undergoing decarboxylation and oxidation produces
taurine
beta-sulfinylpryuvate undergoing desulfuration yields
bisulfite
bisulfite acted upon by sulfite oxidase yields
sulfate and H2O2
the sulfate yielded from bisulfate will be used to
make PAPS
cystine > (__________) > cysteine
NADH linked-cystine reductase
how many moles of L-cysteine formed from a cystine acted upon by cysteine reductase
2 moles
the enzyme ___ can transfer the sulfur from one cysteine to another to form _____ and _____-
cystathionase
thiocysteine & pyruvate
transamination of cysteine yields __________ which can react with sulfite to form ____ and __
beta-mercaptopyruvate/3-mercaptopyruvate
thiosulfate & pyruvate
thiosulfate and thiocysteine can detoxify cyanide by the action of ___ incorporating the sulfur into the cyanide
rhodanase
pathway ng propionylCoA to succinylCoA
propionylCoA > (carboxylation) > D-methylmalonyl CoA > (racemase) L-methylmalonyl CoA > (mutase) > succinyl CoA
threonine > (serine/threonine dehydrogenase) > _____
a-ketobutyrate
a-ketobutyrte > (a-ketoacid dehydrogenase) > _____
propionyl CoA
threonine > (threonine dehydrogenase) > ______
a-amino-b-ketobutyrate
pathway ng a-amino-b-ketobutyrate hanggang pyruvate pakielaborate nang maging hero na si marcos
a-amino-b-ketobutyrate > aminoacetone > methylglyoxal > pyruvate
threonine acted upon by threonine aldolase produces __ and __-
acetylCoA and pyruvate
first enzyme of the trp metab is ___ than opens the indole ring
iron porphyrin oxygenase
first key branch point of trp metab
kynurenine
3 possible products/intermediate after the first branch point of trp metab
kynurenate
anthranilate
3-hydroxykynurenine
which of the products from kynurenine is an anticonvulsant
kynurenate
a urinary metabolite from trp seen during its metab
xanthurenate
xanthurenate came directly from or is a product of what
transaminated 3-hydroxykynurenine
2nd key branch point in trp metab
2-amino-3-carboxymuconic semialdehyde
the roduct from trp metab that is the precursor of NAD and NADP
nicotinate mononucleotide
from the 2nd branching point of trp metab, what are the ultimate products
picolinate
nicotinate mononucleotide
glutarylCoA > acetylCoA
in benign hyperhydroxyprolinemia, alin ung wala or blcoked
hydroxyproline dehydrogenase
in type 2 hyperprolinemia, alin ung wala or blocked
2nd dehydrogenase rxn
ulitmate products of hydroxyproline metab
glyoxylate
pyruvate
amino acids catabolized by OXAA
aspartate
asparagine
aspartate + oxoglutarate > _______ + glutamate
OXAA
amino acids catabolized via a-KG
glutamine glutamate histidine proline arginine
convert glutamine to glutamate and NH3
glutaminase
where is glutaminase prominently found
kidney tuules
glutamate is converted to ____ by transamination or by oxidative deamination by glutamate dehyrdrogenase
a-KG