quiz 1.2 lipids-membrane Flashcards
1
Q
thickness ng membrane
A
6-10nm
2
Q
the translocation of lipid molecules from one positon to another
A
assymetry
3
Q
typical charge of the inside of the membrane
A
-60mV
4
Q
the major membrane forming lipids
A
glycerophospholipids
sphingolipids
glycerophingolipids
cholesterol
5
Q
most abundant lipid in membrane
A
glycerophospholipid/phosphoglyceride
6
Q
the simplest glyceropphospholipid
A
phosphatidic acid
7
Q
common glycerophospholipids in membrane
A
phosphatidylcholine
phosphatidylethanolamine
phosphatydilserine
phosphatidylinostiol
8
Q
anong glycerophospholipids ung nsa lacholinebas
A
phosphatidylcholine
9
Q
common sphingolipids in the membrane
A
ceramide
sphingosine
10
Q
backbone ng sphinglipids
A
sphingsoine
11
Q
the predominant sphingolipid in myelin sheath
A
sphingomyelin
12
Q
structure ng ceramide
A
sphongosine na may fatty acid via amide bond
13
Q
backbone ng glycosphingolipids
A
ceramide
14
Q
glycosphingolipids are either
A
cerebroside or ganglioside
15
Q
simplest glycosphinglipid
A
cerebroside
16
Q
glucocerebro or galactocerebro which is found in non-neural tissue
A
glucocerebroside
17
Q
this glycosphingolipid contains one or more N-acetylneuraminic acid or sialic acid units
A
ganglioside
18
Q
ganglioside GM1 serves as a receptor that binds
A
cholera toxin, influenza virus, E. coli enterotoxin, etc
19
Q
ganglioside GM2 accumulates in the tissues of infants with
A
Tay-Sach’s dse due to a deficiency in n.acetylneuraminic acidlp
20
Q
most commons sterol in plasma membrane
A
cholesterol
21
Q
function ng cholesterol sa membrane
A
immobilize of the first few hydrocarbons of the phospholipid para less deformable
prevents crystallization of the hydrocarbons
22
Q
4 types of lipid anchoring motifs
A
amide-linked myristol
thioester-linked fatty acyl
hioester-linked prenyl
glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)
23
Q
where are carb contents of membrane found?
A
outside
24
Q
spherical structures that form bcoz of the amphipathic character of lipids
hydrophilic heads outside hydrophobic tails inside
A
micelles
25
concentration of lipid required for micelle formation
critical micelle formation
26
spherical vessel formed when a lipid bilayer closes in on itself to form separating the external environment from internal aqueous compartment
liposome
27
mobility of membrane lipids
rapid lateral diffusion
rapid rotational diffusion
very slow transverse flipflop exchange
rapid flexing of hydrocarbons chains
28
who proposed Fluid Mosaic model
Jonathan Singer and Garth Nicholson 1972
29
two roles of the lipid bilayer accdg to fluid mosaic model
sovent for intergral membrane proteins and permeability membrane
30
specialized structures in the membrane
lipid rafts
caveolae
tight junctions
31
microdomains composed of lipids and proteins in both the outer and inner layer, in cellular membranes, destined to itneract with plasma membrane
lipid raft
32
where are lipid rafts assembled in mammalians
golgi complex
33
ano nsa inner at outer leaflets ng lipid rafts
outer: glycosphingolipids and cholesterol
inner: phospholipids and cholesterol
34
resistant to detergent solubilization
lipid rafts
35
flask-shaped indentations of the cytosolic side of the cell formed from the lipid rafts
caveolae
36
ano ung nsa caveolae na responsible daw sa formation nito
caveolin-1
37
found on membrane surfaces that work to prevent the diffusion of macromolecules between cells
tight junctions
38
what influences the fluidity of the membrane
lipid composition and temp
39
shorter chain length _____ membrane fluidty and _____ transition temp
increases; reduces
40
the temp at which the membrane "melts" to adopt a semifluid crystalline state
transition temp
41
what happens at transition temp
membrane melts to adopt semifluid crystalline state
42
increasing degrees of unsaturation _______ membrane fluidity
increases
43
ethanolamine or choline which increases the Tm greater
ethanolamine
44
_____ does not change but broadens the fluidity range considerably
cholesterol
45
at normal body temp, the bilayer kis at ____
fluid state
46
_____ temp decreases fluidity
lower
47
properties of the emmbrane
fluidity
selective permeability
self-sealing capability
asymmetry
48
measure of the ability of the molecule to diffuse across a permeability membrane
permeability coefficient
49
preferentially found outside the membrane in rbcs
sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine
50
bakit namaintain ung assymetry ng membrane or bakit walang same shit on opposite sides
proteins do not rotate from oen side to thee other
51
results in the difference of fluidity between the two leaflets and a difference in cahrged groups
assymetry
52
examples of lipid transpoters that maintain the asymmetry in the membrane
aminophospholipid translocase/flippases
floppase
phospholipid scramblase
53
catalyzes the transport of phosphatidylserine and ethnaolamine from outside to inside, responsible for maintaining low conc. of these in the ECF
aminophospholipid translocase/flippase
54
an outward directed transport that is nonspecific for phospholipids
floppase
55
facilitates the bidirectional mixing of phospholipids between the two leaflets
phsopholipid scramblase
56
elongated and is the primary component of the cytroskleton underlying the rbc membrane
spectrin
57
accounts for the biconcavity and flexiblity fo the cell
spectrin
58
resistant to shear ang rbc kasi si spectrin nagbbind kina
ankyrin and band 4.1
59
peripheral membrane protein sa rbc membrane na globular and filamentous
actin
60
large globular polypeptide mainly responsible for attaching the spectrin cytoskeleton to the RBC membranee and to the anion channel
ankyrin
61
binds both spectrin and actin
band 4.1
62
two major intergral proteins in rbc membrane
```
glycophorin
band 3 (anion channel)
```
63
literal meanig of glycophorin
to carry sugar
64
single pass transmembrane intergral protein composed of three regions
glycophorin
65
most abundant erythrocyte membrane protein
band 3
66
a multipass transmembrane protein composed of two identical subunits
band 3
67
band 3 is a tubular channel that mediates the exhcange of
HCO3 for Cl-
68
beta barrel channel examples
aquaporin
| aquaglyceroporin
69
channel selcetive for water
aquaporin
70
channel selective for water and small neutral organic molecule
aquaglyceroporin
71
an ionophore that creates a pore in the membrane, that permits passage of protons and alkali cations but not anions
gramicidin A
72
facilitates the transport of glucose in both directions demonstrating reversibility of the system
RBC glucose transporter (glut-1)
73
has hydrophobic outer and interior are well suited to chelate ions
valinomycin
74
characterized by less fluid on the outer surface and more in the hydrophobic core
hypercholesterolemia
75
in alcoholic cirrhosis there is _________
dec. fluidity
76
also reduces fluidity of the membrane
ethanol intoxication
| abetalipoproteinemia
77
assoc. with spheroidal RBCs and clinically, hemolytic anemia
HS
78
RBCs appear elongated/elliptical, but confers resistance to malaria when hetero
HE
79
abnormalities in membrane during HS
spectrin def
combined spec and anky def
band 3 def
protein 4.2 def
80
fatal autosomal recessive condition inherited among caucasians
cystic fibrosis
81
gene product efective in cystic fibrosis
CFTR cystic fibrosus transmembrane conductance regulator
82
principal anifestation in cystic fibrosis
pulmonary obstructiokn
83
result of a decrease in the transport of neutral amino acids in the epith cells in the int. tract and renal tubules
hartnup dse
84
classif of lipids
simple
compound
derived
85
example of simple lipids
TAG
| waxes
86
example of compound lipids
phospholipids
sphingolipids
glycolipids
87
examples of phospholipids
lecithin
cephalin
plasmalogen
lipositol
88
phospholipid found in brain, egg yolk, etc. used as emulsifier in food industry
lecithin
89
phospholipid that occurs predominantly in the nervous tissues
cephalin
90
phospholipid found in heart, brain, muscle
plasmalogen
91
phospholipid foun din kidney brain heart plant tissues
lipositol
92
sphingolipid found in brain and nervous shit and rbcs
sphingosine
93
examples of glycolipids
cerebroside
ganglioside
sulfolipid
proteolipidp
94
glycolipid na nasa myelin sheaths ng nerves brain etc. ydrolysis yields fatty acids, sphingosine, galactose/glucose
cerebroside
95
ganglioside is notably seen in
spleen
96
struture of ganglioside
ceramide na may hexose, fatty acid, neuraminic acid, sphingosine
97
examples of derived lipids
terpenoid and steroids
sterols
fatty acid
98
large group of compounds made up of repeating isoprene units
terpenes
99
examples of sterols
```
choelsterol
ergosterol
7-dehydrocholesterol
androgens and estrogens
adrenal corticosteroids
```
100
cis configuration of fatty acids are bent at
120degrees
101
naturally occuring fatty acids are in cis or trans
cis
102
states that double bonds are interrupted by a methylene group, which forms a pentadiene structure
nonconjugated double bond system
103
liquid ang fatty acid kapag
1-8 atoms lng
104
increase in chain length _____ in boiling point and melting point
increase
105
melting point ____ with increasing unsaturation
decrease
106
solubility ____ with inc. length
decreases
107
saturated fatty acids include
```
laurate 12
myristate 14
palmitate 16
stearate 18
arachidate 20
behenate 22
lignocerate 24
```
108
rxn involving TAG
hydrolysis (saponification, enzymatic, transesterification)
| hydrogenation
109
nonabsorbable cooking oil made by combining veg oil and sucrose
olestra
110
backbone ng phosphoglycerides
glycerol
111
3 principal classes of plasmalogens
phosphatidal serine choline and ethnaolamines
112
constituent of mitochondrial membranes`
cardiolipin
113
saan sa sphingosine nagaattach ang polar heads
C1
114
saan sa sphingosine nagaattach ang fatty acids
C2
115
structure ng ceramide
sphingosine na may fatty acid
116
sa sphingomyelin, ano nakaattach sa ceramided
phosphatidylcholine
