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MedBiochem > quiz 1.2 lipids-membrane > Flashcards

quiz 1.2 lipids-membrane Flashcards

1
Q

thickness ng membrane

A

6-10nm

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2
Q

the translocation of lipid molecules from one positon to another

A

assymetry

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3
Q

typical charge of the inside of the membrane

A

-60mV

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4
Q

the major membrane forming lipids

A

glycerophospholipids
sphingolipids
glycerophingolipids
cholesterol

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5
Q

most abundant lipid in membrane

A

glycerophospholipid/phosphoglyceride

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6
Q

the simplest glyceropphospholipid

A

phosphatidic acid

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7
Q

common glycerophospholipids in membrane

A

phosphatidylcholine
phosphatidylethanolamine
phosphatydilserine
phosphatidylinostiol

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8
Q

anong glycerophospholipids ung nsa lacholinebas

A

phosphatidylcholine

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9
Q

common sphingolipids in the membrane

A

ceramide

sphingosine

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10
Q

backbone ng sphinglipids

A

sphingsoine

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11
Q

the predominant sphingolipid in myelin sheath

A

sphingomyelin

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12
Q

structure ng ceramide

A

sphongosine na may fatty acid via amide bond

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13
Q

backbone ng glycosphingolipids

A

ceramide

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14
Q

glycosphingolipids are either

A

cerebroside or ganglioside

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15
Q

simplest glycosphinglipid

A

cerebroside

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16
Q

glucocerebro or galactocerebro which is found in non-neural tissue

A

glucocerebroside

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17
Q

this glycosphingolipid contains one or more N-acetylneuraminic acid or sialic acid units

A

ganglioside

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18
Q

ganglioside GM1 serves as a receptor that binds

A

cholera toxin, influenza virus, E. coli enterotoxin, etc

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19
Q

ganglioside GM2 accumulates in the tissues of infants with

A

Tay-Sach’s dse due to a deficiency in n.acetylneuraminic acidlp

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20
Q

most commons sterol in plasma membrane

A

cholesterol

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21
Q

function ng cholesterol sa membrane

A

immobilize of the first few hydrocarbons of the phospholipid para less deformable
prevents crystallization of the hydrocarbons

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22
Q

4 types of lipid anchoring motifs

A

amide-linked myristol
thioester-linked fatty acyl
hioester-linked prenyl
glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)

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23
Q

where are carb contents of membrane found?

A

outside

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24
Q

spherical structures that form bcoz of the amphipathic character of lipids

hydrophilic heads outside hydrophobic tails inside

A

micelles

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25
Q

concentration of lipid required for micelle formation

A

critical micelle formation

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26
Q

spherical vessel formed when a lipid bilayer closes in on itself to form separating the external environment from internal aqueous compartment

A

liposome

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27
Q

mobility of membrane lipids

A

rapid lateral diffusion
rapid rotational diffusion
very slow transverse flipflop exchange
rapid flexing of hydrocarbons chains

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28
Q

who proposed Fluid Mosaic model

A

Jonathan Singer and Garth Nicholson 1972

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29
Q

two roles of the lipid bilayer accdg to fluid mosaic model

A

sovent for intergral membrane proteins and permeability membrane

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30
Q

specialized structures in the membrane

A

lipid rafts
caveolae
tight junctions

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31
Q

microdomains composed of lipids and proteins in both the outer and inner layer, in cellular membranes, destined to itneract with plasma membrane

A

lipid raft

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32
Q

where are lipid rafts assembled in mammalians

A

golgi complex

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33
Q

ano nsa inner at outer leaflets ng lipid rafts

A

outer: glycosphingolipids and cholesterol
inner: phospholipids and cholesterol

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34
Q

resistant to detergent solubilization

A

lipid rafts

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35
Q

flask-shaped indentations of the cytosolic side of the cell formed from the lipid rafts

A

caveolae

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36
Q

ano ung nsa caveolae na responsible daw sa formation nito

A

caveolin-1

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37
Q

found on membrane surfaces that work to prevent the diffusion of macromolecules between cells

A

tight junctions

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38
Q

what influences the fluidity of the membrane

A

lipid composition and temp

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39
Q

shorter chain length _____ membrane fluidty and _____ transition temp

A

increases; reduces

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40
Q

the temp at which the membrane “melts” to adopt a semifluid crystalline state

A

transition temp

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41
Q

what happens at transition temp

A

membrane melts to adopt semifluid crystalline state

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42
Q

increasing degrees of unsaturation _______ membrane fluidity

A

increases

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43
Q

ethanolamine or choline which increases the Tm greater

A

ethanolamine

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44
Q

_____ does not change but broadens the fluidity range considerably

A

cholesterol

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45
Q

at normal body temp, the bilayer kis at ____

A

fluid state

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46
Q

_____ temp decreases fluidity

A

lower

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47
Q

properties of the emmbrane

A

fluidity
selective permeability
self-sealing capability
asymmetry

48
Q

measure of the ability of the molecule to diffuse across a permeability membrane

A

permeability coefficient

49
Q

preferentially found outside the membrane in rbcs

A

sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine

50
Q

bakit namaintain ung assymetry ng membrane or bakit walang same shit on opposite sides

A

proteins do not rotate from oen side to thee other

51
Q

results in the difference of fluidity between the two leaflets and a difference in cahrged groups

A

assymetry

52
Q

examples of lipid transpoters that maintain the asymmetry in the membrane

A

aminophospholipid translocase/flippases
floppase
phospholipid scramblase

53
Q

catalyzes the transport of phosphatidylserine and ethnaolamine from outside to inside, responsible for maintaining low conc. of these in the ECF

A

aminophospholipid translocase/flippase

54
Q

an outward directed transport that is nonspecific for phospholipids

A

floppase

55
Q

facilitates the bidirectional mixing of phospholipids between the two leaflets

A

phsopholipid scramblase

56
Q

elongated and is the primary component of the cytroskleton underlying the rbc membrane

A

spectrin

57
Q

accounts for the biconcavity and flexiblity fo the cell

A

spectrin

58
Q

resistant to shear ang rbc kasi si spectrin nagbbind kina

A

ankyrin and band 4.1

59
Q

peripheral membrane protein sa rbc membrane na globular and filamentous

A

actin

60
Q

large globular polypeptide mainly responsible for attaching the spectrin cytoskeleton to the RBC membranee and to the anion channel

A

ankyrin

61
Q

binds both spectrin and actin

A

band 4.1

62
Q

two major intergral proteins in rbc membrane

A 
glycophorin
band 3 (anion channel)
63
Q

literal meanig of glycophorin

A

to carry sugar

64
Q

single pass transmembrane intergral protein composed of three regions

A

glycophorin

65
Q

most abundant erythrocyte membrane protein

A

band 3

66
Q

a multipass transmembrane protein composed of two identical subunits

A

band 3

67
Q

band 3 is a tubular channel that mediates the exhcange of

A

HCO3 for Cl-

68
Q

beta barrel channel examples

A

aquaporin

aquaglyceroporin

69
Q

channel selcetive for water

A

aquaporin

70
Q

channel selective for water and small neutral organic molecule

A

aquaglyceroporin

71
Q

an ionophore that creates a pore in the membrane, that permits passage of protons and alkali cations but not anions

A

gramicidin A

72
Q

facilitates the transport of glucose in both directions demonstrating reversibility of the system

A

RBC glucose transporter (glut-1)

73
Q

has hydrophobic outer and interior are well suited to chelate ions

A

valinomycin

74
Q

characterized by less fluid on the outer surface and more in the hydrophobic core

A

hypercholesterolemia

75
Q

in alcoholic cirrhosis there is _________

A

dec. fluidity

76
Q

also reduces fluidity of the membrane

A

ethanol intoxication

abetalipoproteinemia

77
Q

assoc. with spheroidal RBCs and clinically, hemolytic anemia

A

HS

78
Q

RBCs appear elongated/elliptical, but confers resistance to malaria when hetero

A

HE

79
Q

abnormalities in membrane during HS

A

spectrin def
combined spec and anky def
band 3 def
protein 4.2 def

80
Q

fatal autosomal recessive condition inherited among caucasians

A

cystic fibrosis

81
Q

gene product efective in cystic fibrosis

A

CFTR cystic fibrosus transmembrane conductance regulator

82
Q

principal anifestation in cystic fibrosis

A

pulmonary obstructiokn

83
Q

result of a decrease in the transport of neutral amino acids in the epith cells in the int. tract and renal tubules

A

hartnup dse

84
Q

classif of lipids

A

simple
compound
derived

85
Q

example of simple lipids

A

TAG

waxes

86
Q

example of compound lipids

A

phospholipids
sphingolipids
glycolipids

87
Q

examples of phospholipids

A

lecithin
cephalin
plasmalogen
lipositol

88
Q

phospholipid found in brain, egg yolk, etc. used as emulsifier in food industry

A

lecithin

89
Q

phospholipid that occurs predominantly in the nervous tissues

A

cephalin

90
Q

phospholipid found in heart, brain, muscle

A

plasmalogen

91
Q

phospholipid foun din kidney brain heart plant tissues

A

lipositol

92
Q

sphingolipid found in brain and nervous shit and rbcs

A

sphingosine

93
Q

examples of glycolipids

A

cerebroside
ganglioside
sulfolipid
proteolipidp

94
Q

glycolipid na nasa myelin sheaths ng nerves brain etc. ydrolysis yields fatty acids, sphingosine, galactose/glucose

A

cerebroside

95
Q

ganglioside is notably seen in

A

spleen

96
Q

struture of ganglioside

A

ceramide na may hexose, fatty acid, neuraminic acid, sphingosine

97
Q

examples of derived lipids

A

terpenoid and steroids
sterols
fatty acid

98
Q

large group of compounds made up of repeating isoprene units

A

terpenes

99
Q

examples of sterols

A 
choelsterol
ergosterol
7-dehydrocholesterol
androgens and estrogens
adrenal corticosteroids
100
Q

cis configuration of fatty acids are bent at

A

120degrees

101
Q

naturally occuring fatty acids are in cis or trans

A

cis

102
Q

states that double bonds are interrupted by a methylene group, which forms a pentadiene structure

A

nonconjugated double bond system

103
Q

liquid ang fatty acid kapag

A

1-8 atoms lng

104
Q

increase in chain length _____ in boiling point and melting point

A

increase

105
Q

melting point ____ with increasing unsaturation

A

decrease

106
Q

solubility ____ with inc. length

A

decreases

107
Q

saturated fatty acids include

A 
laurate 12
myristate 14
palmitate 16
stearate 18
arachidate 20
behenate 22
lignocerate 24
108
Q

rxn involving TAG

A

hydrolysis (saponification, enzymatic, transesterification)

hydrogenation

109
Q

nonabsorbable cooking oil made by combining veg oil and sucrose

A

olestra

110
Q

backbone ng phosphoglycerides

A

glycerol

111
Q

3 principal classes of plasmalogens

A

phosphatidal serine choline and ethnaolamines

112
Q

constituent of mitochondrial membranes`

A

cardiolipin

113
Q

saan sa sphingosine nagaattach ang polar heads

A

C1

114
Q

saan sa sphingosine nagaattach ang fatty acids

A

C2

115
Q

structure ng ceramide

A

sphingosine na may fatty acid

116
Q

sa sphingomyelin, ano nakaattach sa ceramided

A

phosphatidylcholine

MedBiochem (16 decks)

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