Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Reproduction Physiology > Quiz 4 Lecture Notes > Flashcards

Quiz 4 Lecture Notes Flashcards

1
Q

Stages in the formation of a follicle

A
  • primordial follicle
  • primary follicle
  • secondary follicle
  • tertiary follicle
  • Graafian follicle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

antral follicles

A
  • tertiary follicle
  • graafian follicle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

primordial follicle

A

1 layer of granulosa cells, flat cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

primary follicle

A

1 layer of granulosa cells, cuboidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

secondary follicle

A

2+ layers of granulosa cells, cuboidal shape, theca cells start to form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

tertiary follicle

A

antrum starts to form, increase in size, 2 types of theca cells begin to make layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

graafian follicle

A

antrum is large, cumulus oophorus, theca layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

gonadotropin independent stages of folliculogenesis

A
  • primordial
  • primary
  • secondary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

gonadotropin dependent stages of folliculogenesis

A
  • tertiary
  • graafian follicle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Primordial Follicle Formation

A
  • notch signaling
  • Nobox
  • Figla
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Primordial to Primary Follicle Transition

A
  • Fox12
  • Nobox
  • Sphlh 1 and 2
  • Lhx8
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Primary to Secondary Follicle Transition

A
  • GDF9 (growth differentiation factor 9) !!!
  • kit 1
  • kit (receptor)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Secondary to Antral Follicle Transition

A
  • FSH and FSH receptor !!! (gonadotropin dependent)
  • Inha
  • Igf1
  • Ccnd2
  • Foxol/3
  • Smad3
  • Taf46
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Antral (teriary) to Preovulatory (graffian) Follicle Transition

A
  • esr 1 and 2 !! (estradiol receptor)
  • acvr2a
  • gja4 (gap junction protein)
  • connexins (gap junction protein)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

follicular / oocyte communication

A

gap junctions are formed through the zona pellucida so that the cytoplasm can move nutrient between the granulosa and the oocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is an example of something that travels through the gap junctions for follicular / oocyte communication?

A

GDF9 is secreted from the oocyte to add more layer of granulosa cells, must go through gap junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

bidirectional communication of the cumulus cells and oocyte

A

gap junctions and paracrine communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

bidirectional communication: cumulus cells to oocyte

A
  • kit - ligand
  • FF-MAS
  • EGF
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

bidirectional communication: gap junctional

A
  • cAMP
  • metabolites
  • amino acids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

bidirectional communication: oocyte to cumulus cells

A

GDF9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

GDF9

A

secreted by the oocyte, required for follicular development past primary stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Role of the oocyte in follicle growth

A
  • secretes GDF9
  • affects granulosa cell differentiation
  • affects energy and metabolic function of granulosa cells
  • can increase follicle cell growth and division
  • produces proteins to form zona pellucida
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

follicle development: dogma

A

around the time of birth, the female is equipped with the number of germ cells for the rest of her life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

menopause

A

no longer has oocytes to ovulate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

why is there a big drop in the number of gametes after puberty?

A

females have a limited number of gametes, after puberty, follicles will begin to either ovulate or degenerate

26
Q

atresia

A

programmed cell death

27
Q

briefly explain the two-cell, two-gonadotropin model

A

the hypothalamus produces GnRH which tell the anterior pituitary to produce LH and FSH, LH stimulates theca cells to make testosterone and FSH stimulates the granulosa cells to make testosterone into estrogen, the high estrogen and LH surge cause ovulation, estrogen has negative or positive feedback on the hypothalamus and negative feedback on the pituitary with inhibin

28
Q

gonadotropin independent

A

initial development, no gonadotropins

29
Q

gonadotropin responsive

A

follicles can respond to gonadotropins but gonadotropin stimulus is not required for follicle growth

30
Q

gonadotropin dependent

A

follicles have been stimulated to grow towards ovulation, (recruited, selected, dominant), post puberty, if gonadotropin is removed it will result in atresia

31
Q

two stages of follicular recruitment

A
  1. initial recruitment
  2. cyclic recruitment
32
Q

initial recruitment

A

primordial follicular pool recruited into the pool of growing follicles in a continuous manner (gonadotropin independent)
recruitment for follicles to GROW

33
Q

cyclic recruitment

A

astral follicles are recruited to grow towards ovulation during a specific estrous cycle (gonadotropin dependent)
grow to potentially OVULATE

34
Q

Follicular Wave 1

A
  • recruitment, selection, dominance, atresia
  • mature CL is present, makes progesterone which will have a negative feedback on LH so the follicle will degenerate
35
Q

the hormone of ovulation

A

LH

36
Q

LH functions

A
  • ovulation
  • CL formation
37
Q

Follicular Wave 2

A
  • recruitment, selection, dominance, ovulation
  • no CL, high levels of LH
38
Q

follicular recruitment

A

follicles begin to grow

39
Q

follicular selection

A

3-4 follicles chosen, the best

40
Q

follicular dominance

A

one follicle is chosen

41
Q

__________ inhibits FSH through negative feedback

A

estrogen

42
Q

FSH

A

follicle stimulating hormone

43
Q

LH

A

luteinizing hormone

44
Q

when FSH reaches its peak in the cell, what will occur? Why does FSH start to decrease after this?

A
  • follicle wave will start
  • follicles begin to produce estrogen which inhibits FSH
45
Q

endocrine explanation: recruitment

A
  • entry into gonadotropin sensitive pool
  • FSH needed to recruit follicles
  • estrogen must be low
  • LH low
46
Q

endocrine explanation: selection

A
  • follicles are selected, ovulatory follicles emerge
  • estrogen increases
  • FSH levels begin to decrease
  • LH begins to increase
47
Q

endocrine explanation: dominance

A
  • final growth of ovulatory follicles and inhibition of others
  • develop LH receptor
  • rely on LH (NOT FSH)
48
Q

2 fates of recruitment

A
  1. selected for continued growth
  2. atresia
49
Q

2 fates of dominance

A
  • ovulation (low progesterone)
  • atresia (high progesterone)
50
Q

3 steps of oogenesis

A
  1. primordial germ cell (mitosis)
  2. oogonia (meiosis)
  3. oocyte (goes into arrest around birth)
51
Q

meiotic arrest

when does it occur? what must be maintained?

A
  • around birth, until it is chosen to be a dominant follicle
  • maintaining a high level of cAMP
52
Q

3 ways the cell maintains cAMP during meiotic arrest

A
  1. cAMP production inside the oocyte
  2. cAMP comes from the granulosa cells
  3. cGMP from granulosa cell inhibits phosphodiesterase enzyme (PDE)
53
Q

ovulation

A

product of a follicle that continues growing, meiosis must be complete, and oocyte is mature

54
Q

how does a surge of LH cause ovulation to occur?

A

surge of LH inhibits the oocytes connection to the cumulus cell, this prevents cAMP and cGMP so that the follicle is no longer under arrest so it can finish maturing

55
Q

oocyte meiotic maturation

A

chromosomes are divided in the cell, one part remains in the egg the other creates a polar body

56
Q

polar body

A

half of the original DNA from the oocyte, no longer a part of the oocyte

57
Q

metaphase 2 arrest

A

after the polar body is created the cell is in arrest until fertilization, it is broken by a calcium rise initiated by the fertilizing sperm (if it is not fertilized it will degenerate)

58
Q

Mammalian Ovulation Theories

A
  1. Pressure Theory
  2. Smooth Muscle Contaction
  3. Thinning of the Follicular Wall
59
Q

Mammalian Ovulation Theories: pressure theory

A

pressure inside (and outside the cell, blood pressure) increases as it grows and will eventually erupt

60
Q

Mammalian Ovulation Theories: smooth muscle contraction

A

the follicle is surrounded by smooth muscle, when it contracts in assists the follicle in ovulation

61
Q

Mammalian Ovulation Theories: thinning of the follicular walls

A

enzymes (collagenase) eat at the wall, thinning it, the thinner the wall the easier it is for ovulation to occur

62
Q

important regulators in ovulation

A
  • LH and LH receptor !!
  • prostoglandins
  • progesterone
  • epidermal growth factor (EGF)
  • oocyte

Reproduction Physiology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions